Ruditapes philippinarum proteins were hydrolyzed by trypsin, neutrase, and pepsin. The antioxidant activities and ACE inhibitory activity of hydrolysates were analyzed and the antioxidant activities were related to their molecular weight distribution and amino acid compositions. Results indicated the hydrolysis of proteins led to an increase in small peptides and free amino acids. The antioxidant activities of Ruditapes philippinarum hydrolysates against DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition on linoleic acid peroxidation, and reducing power showed that the neutrase hydrolysate exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. In addition, an ACE inhibition assay revealed that the pepsin hydrolysate had the highest ACE inhibitory ability. Ruditapes philippinarum protein hydrolysates could be a promising source of natural antioxidant and ACE inhibitory.

Two selenium (Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice, TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ, possess neuroprotective potency against lead (Pb²⁺)-induced cytotoxicity. However, the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs (miRNA) involved in the neuroprotection mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profiles in Pb²⁺-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA‑mRNA target pairs were obtained. It was found that 34 mRNAs related to oxidative phosphorylation could be reversed by pretreatment of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ. The protective effect of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ was mediated by upregulation of miR-107-3p, which downregulates the Atp6v0e1 mRNA level. A zebrafish model was applied to verify the relevance between the targeted mRNA and miRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that miR-107-3p was a potential therapeutic target to achieve neuroprotection of Se-containing peptides via stimulation of Atp6v0e1.