Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola , Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia , Dothiora corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.)on Eucalyptus sp., Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptus sp., Fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. Fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus socialis, Harknessia corymbiicola on Corymbia maculata, Neocelosporium eucalypti (incl. Neocelosporium gen. nov., Neocelosporiaceae fam. nov. and Neocelosporiales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus cyanophylla, Neophaeomoniella corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora , Neophaeomoniella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus pilularis, Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiicola on Corymbia citriodora, Teratosphaeria gracilis on Eucalyptus gracilis, Zasmidium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Brazil , Calonectria hemileiae on pustules of Hemileia vastatrix formed on leaves of Coffea arabica , Calvatia caatinguensis on soil, Cercospora solani-betacei on Solanum betaceum , Clathrus natalensis on soil, Diaporthe poincianellae on Poincianella pyramidalis , Geastrum piquiriunense on soil, Geosmithia carolliae on wing of Carollia perspicillata , Henningsia resupinata on wood, Penicillium guaibinense from soil, Periconia caespitosa from leaf litter, Pseudocercospora styracina on Styrax sp., Simplicillium filiforme as endophyte from Citrullus lanatus , Thozetella pindobacuensis on leaf litter, Xenosonderhenia coussapoae on Coussapoa floccosa. Canary Islands (Spain) , Orbilia amarilla on Euphorbia canariensis. Cape Verde Islands , Xylodon jacobaeus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Chile , Colletotrichum arboricola on Fuchsia magellanica. Costa Rica , Lasiosphaeria miniovina ontreebranch. Ecuador , Ganoderma chocoense ontreetrunk. France , Neofitzroyomyces nerii (incl. Neofitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Nerium oleander. Ghana , Castanediella tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis , Falcocladium africanum on Eucalyptus brassiana , Rachicladosporium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Hungary , Entoloma silvae-frondosae in Carpinus betulus - Pinus sylvestris mixedforest. Iran , Pseudopyricularia persiana on Cyperus sp . Italy , Inocybe roseascens onsoilinmixedforest. Laos , Ophiocordyceps houaynhangensis on Coleoptera larva. Malaysia , Monilochaetes melastomae on Melastoma sp. Mexico , Absidia terrestris fromsoil. Netherlands , Acaulium pannemaniae , Conioscypha boutwelliae , Fusicolla septimanifiniscientiae , Gibellulopsis simonii , Lasionectria hilhorstii , Lectera nordwiniana, Leptodiscella rintelii, Parasarocladium debruynii and Sarocladium dejongiae (incl. Sarocladiaceae fam. nov.) fromsoil. New Zealand , Gnomoniopsis rosae on Rosa sp. and Neodevriesia metrosideri on Metrosideros sp. Puerto Rico , Neodevriesia coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera , Neodevriesia tabebuiae and Alfaria tabebuiae on Tabebuia chrysantha . Russia , Amanita paludosa on bogged soil in mixed deciduous forest, Entoloma tiliae in forest of Tilia × europaea , Kwoniella endophytica on Pyrus communis. South Africa , Coniella diospyri on Diospyros mespiliformis, Neomelanconiella combreti (incl. Neomelanconiellaceae fam. nov. and Neomelanconiella gen. nov.)on Combretum sp., Polyphialoseptoria natalensis on unidentified plant host, Pseudorobillarda bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus , Thelonectria pelargonii on Pelargonium sp. Spain , Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum and Anungitopsis lauri on Laurus novocanariensis , Geosmithia xerotolerans from a darkened wall of a house, Pseudopenidiella gallaica on leaf litter. Thailand , Corynespora thailandica on wood, Lareunionomyces loeiensis on leaf litter, Neocochlearomyces chromolaenae (incl. Neocochlearomyces gen. nov.) on Chromolaena odorata, Neomyrmecridium septatum (incl. Neomyrmecridium gen. nov . ), Pararamichloridium caricicola on Carex sp., Xenodactylaria thailandica (incl. Xenodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Xenodactylaria gen. nov.), Neomyrmecridium asiaticum and Cymostachys thailandica fromunidentifiedvine. USA , Carolinigaster bonitoi (incl. Carolinigaster gen. nov.)fromsoil, Penicillium fortuitum from house dust, Phaeotheca shathenatiana (incl. Phaeothecaceae fam. nov.) from twig and cone litter, Pythium wohlseniorum from stream water, Superstratomyces tardicrescens from human eye, Talaromyces iowaense from officeair. Vietnam , Fistulinella olivaceoalba onsoil. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola , Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia , Dothiora corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.)on Eucalyptus sp., Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptus sp., Fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. Fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus socialis, Harknessia corymbiicola on Corymbia maculata, Neocelosporium eucalypti (incl. Neocelosporium gen. nov., Neocelosporiaceae fam. nov. and Neocelosporiales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus cyanophylla, Neophaeomoniella corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora , Neophaeomoniella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus pilularis, Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiicola on Corymbia citriodora, Teratosphaeria gracilis on Eucalyptus gracilis, Zasmidium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Brazil , Calonectria hemileiae on pustules of Hemileia vastatrix formed on leaves of Coffea arabica , Calvatia caatinguensis on soil, Cercospora solani-betacei on Solanum betaceum , Clathrus natalensis on soil, Diaporthe poincianellae on Poincianella pyramidalis , Geastrum piquiriunense on soil, Geosmithia carolliae on wing of Carollia perspicillata , Henningsia resupinata on wood, Penicillium guaibinense from soil, Periconia caespitosa from leaf litter, Pseudocercospora styracina on Styrax sp., Simplicillium filiforme as endophyte from Citrullus lanatus , Thozetella pindobacuensis on leaf litter, Xenosonderhenia coussapoae on Coussapoa floccosa. Canary Islands (Spain) , Orbilia amarilla on Euphorbia canariensis. Cape Verde Islands , Xylodon jacobaeus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Chile , Colletotrichum arboricola on Fuchsia magellanica. Costa Rica , Lasiosphaeria miniovina ontreebranch. Ecuador , Ganoderma chocoense ontreetrunk. France , Neofitzroyomyces nerii (incl. Neofitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Nerium oleander. Ghana , Castanediella tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis , Falcocladium africanum on Eucalyptus brassiana , Rachicladosporium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Hungary , Entoloma silvae-frondosae in Carpinus betulus - Pinus sylvestris mixedforest. Iran , Pseudopyricularia persiana on Cyperus sp . Italy , Inocybe roseascens onsoilinmixedforest. Laos , Ophiocordyceps houaynhangensis on Coleoptera larva. Malaysia , Monilochaetes melastomae on Melastoma sp. Mexico , Absidia terrestris fromsoil. Netherlands , Acaulium pannemaniae , Conioscypha boutwelliae , Fusicolla septimanifiniscientiae , Gibellulopsis simonii , Lasionectria hilhorstii , Lectera nordwiniana, Leptodiscella rintelii, Parasarocladium debruynii and Sarocladium dejongiae (incl. Sarocladiaceae fam. nov.) fromsoil. New Zealand , Gnomoniopsis rosae on Rosa sp. and Neodevriesia metrosideri on Metrosideros sp. Puerto Rico , Neodevriesia coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera , Neodevriesia tabebuiae and Alfaria tabebuiae on Tabebuia chrysantha . Russia , Amanita paludosa on bogged soil in mixed deciduous forest, Entoloma tiliae in forest of Tilia × europaea , Kwoniella endophytica on Pyrus communis. South Africa , Coniella diospyri on Diospyros mespiliformis, Neomelanconiella combreti (incl. Neomelanconiellaceae fam. nov. and Neomelanconiella gen. nov.)on Combretum sp., Polyphialoseptoria natalensis on unidentified plant host, Pseudorobillarda bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus , Thelonectria pelargonii on Pelargonium sp. Spain , Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum and Anungitopsis lauri on Laurus novocanariensis , Geosmithia xerotolerans from a darkened wall of a house, Pseudopenidiella gallaica on leaf litter. Thailand , Corynespora thailandica on wood, Lareunionomyces loeiensis on leaf litter, Neocochlearomyces chromolaenae (incl. Neocochlearomyces gen. nov.) on Chromolaena odorata, Neomyrmecridium septatum (incl. Neomyrmecridium gen. nov . ), Pararamichloridium caricicola on Carex sp., Xenodactylaria thailandica (incl. Xenodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Xenodactylaria gen. nov.), Neomyrmecridium asiaticum and Cymostachys thailandica fromunidentifiedvine. USA , Carolinigaster bonitoi (incl. Carolinigaster gen. nov.)fromsoil, Penicillium fortuitum from house dust, Phaeotheca shathenatiana (incl. Phaeothecaceae fam. nov.) from twig and cone litter, Pythium wohlseniorum from stream water, Superstratomyces tardicrescens from human eye, Talaromyces iowaense from officeair. Vietnam , Fistulinella olivaceoalba onsoil. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.

The authors of this paper summarize the majority of published data on the distribution of agaricoid and boletoid fungi recorded in Russia, covering the period from 1824 through 2020. A comprehensive list of 6867 scientific names based on 954 publications was compiled for the first time for the whole territory of Russia. All records have been checked through Index Fungorum. The work consists of a review section and five appendices. The review section discusses the intensity of field research and accumulation of data on the distribution of agaricoid and boletoid fungi in Russia, both historically and in its current state. The authors discuss the current state of knowledge on the biodiversity of regions of Russia and point out blank spots, thus providing a reference and an “action plan” for the future. Appendix A presents a list of 6142 taxa unambiguously ascribed to 3246 accepted current names. Appendix B contains 727 names that cannot be ascribed to any accepted current names unequivocally, with reasons given (e.g., no current name, wrong authors’ citations, absence from Index Fungorum). Names from both checklists are supplemented with data on the distribution of these taxa within the Russian Federation and references to published records. Appendix C contains a list of accepted current names reported from only one region. Appendix D is an overview of the nearly 200 years of research of agaricoid and boletoid fungi for all regions of Russia. Appendix E is a list of references used for checklists and study history preparation.

The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people were involved in the data collection. Within 20 months, the participants accumulated 750,143 photo observations of 6,857 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 87% of all project data, i.e. 652,285 observations, are available under free licences (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.

The peatlands of the West Siberian Lowlands, comprising the largest pristine peatland area of the world, have not previously been covered by continuous measurement and monitoring programs. The response of peatlands to climate change occurs over several decades. This paper summarizes the results of peatland carbon balance studies collected over ten years at the Mukhrino field station (Mukhrino FS, MFS) operating in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia. A multiscale approach was applied for the investigations of peatland carbon cycling. Carbon dioxide fluxes at the local scale studied using the chamber method showed net accumulation with rates from 110, to 57.8 gC m⁻² at the Sphagnum hollow site. Net CO₂ fluxes at the pine-dwarf shrubs-Sphagnum ridge varied from negative (−32.1 gC m⁻² in 2019) to positive (13.4 gC m⁻² in 2017). The cumulative May-August net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from eddy-covariance (EC) measurements at the ecosystem scale was −202 gC m⁻² in 2015, due to the impact of photosynthesis of pine trees which was not registered by the chamber method. The net annual accumulation of carbon in the live part of mosses was estimated at 24–190 gC m⁻² depending on the Sphagnum moss species. Long-term carbon accumulation rates obtained by radiocarbon analysis ranged from 28.5 to 57.2 gC m⁻² yr⁻¹, with local extremes of up to 176.2 gC m⁻² yr⁻¹. The obtained estimates of various carbon fluxes using EC and chamber methods, the accounting for Sphagnum growth and decomposition, and long-term peat accumulation provided information about the functioning of the peatland ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. Multiscale carbon flux monitoring reveals useful new information for forecasting the response of northern peatland carbon cycles to climatic changes.

Net Ecosystem Exchange, Gross Primary Production And Ecosystem Respiration In Ridge-Hollow Complex At Mukhrino Bog