Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has gradually become a stable food worldwide since it can be a practical nutritional supplement and antioxidant as well as an energy provider for human beings. Financially and nutritionally, the cultivation and utility of potatoes is worthy of attention from the world. Exploring the functionality and maximizing the utilization of its component parts as well as developing new products based on the potato is still an ongoing issue. To maximize the benefits of potato and induce new high-value products while avoiding unfavorable properties of the crop has been a growing trend in food and medical areas. This review intends to summarize the factors that influence changes in the key functional components of potatoes and to discuss the focus of referenced literature which may require further research efforts. Next, it summarizes the application of the latest commercial products and potential value of components existing in potato. In particular, there are several main tasks for future potato research: preparing starchy foods for special groups of people and developing fiber-rich products to supply dietary fiber intake, manufacturing bio-friendly and specific design films/coatings in the packaging industry, extracting bioactive proteins and potato protease inhibitors with high biological activity, and continuing to build and examine the health benefits of new commercial products based on potato protein. Notably, preservation methods play a key role in the phytochemical content left in foods, and potato performs superiorly to many common vegetables when meeting the demands of daily mineral intake and alleviating mineral deficiencies.

A novel and sensitive fluorescent probe based on Cu²⁺-modulated polydihydroxyphenylalanine nanoparticles (PDOAs) has been developed for the detection of glyphosate pesticides. Compared to conventional instrumental analysis techniques, fluorometric methods have obtained good results in the field of agricultural residue detection. However, most of the fluorescent chemosensors reported still have some limitations, such as long response times, the high limit of detection, and complex synthetic procedures. In this paper, a novel and sensitive fluorescent probe based on Cu²⁺ modulated polydihydroxyphenylalanine nanoparticles (PDOAs) has been developed for the detection of glyphosate pesticides. The fluorescence of PDOAs can be effectively quenched by Cu²⁺ through the dynamic quenching process, which was confirmed by the time-resolved fluorescence lifetime analysis. In the presence of glyphosate, the fluorescence of the PDOAs-Cu²⁺ system can be effectively recovered due to the higher affinity of glyphosate for Cu²⁺, and thus released the individual PDOAs. Due to the admirable properties such as high selectivity to glyphosate pesticide, “turn on” fluorescence response, and ultralow detection limit of 1.8 nM, the proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of glyphosate in environmental water samples.

This study compares the performance of novel fluorescent nanobiosensors and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for detecting organophosphorus pesticide residues in Angelica sinensis. Key parameters such as recovery rate and relative standard deviation (RSD) were evaluated to identify a preferable detection method. The results show that the fluorescent nanobiosensor offers superior sensitivity, whereas LC-MS excels in accuracy and quantitative analysis. For phoxim, the GQDs@GSH sensor achieved an LOD of 0.075 μmol·L⁻¹, with recoveries of 97.65–100.62% (RSD < 3.35%). For glyphosate, the PDOA/Cu²⁺ sensor achieved an LOD of 1.8 nmol·L⁻¹, and the AgNCs sensor achieved an LOD of 21 nmol·L⁻¹, with recoveries of 91.30–105.34% (RSD < 3.35%). The originality of this work is threefold and does not claim de novo synthesis of unknown materials: (i) it is the first validation of three existing fluorescent nanosensors (GQDs@GSH, PDOA/Cu²⁺, and AgNCs) specifically for organophosphorus pesticide detection in the complex medicinal plant matrix Angelica sinensis; (ii) it provides the first systematic comparison of these nanosensors against the pharmacopeia-standard LC-MS method in this matrix, delineating their complementary advantages; (iii) it is the first assessment of their phytotoxicity in Angelica sinensis seedlings, demonstrating biocompatibility and potential for in planta imaging.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) gradually becomes a stable food worldwide since it can be treated as practical nutritional supplement and antioxidant, as well as energy provider for human beings. Financially and nutritionally, cultivation and utility of potatoes is worthy enough attention of the world. To further explore functionality and maximize utilization of component parts, also to develop new products based on potato still be an ongoing issue. To maximize the benefits of potato and induce new high-value products while avoiding unfavorable properties of the crop has been a growing trend in food and medical areas. This review intends to summarize the factors that influence the changes in the key functional components of potatoes and discuss referred research focuses, then help further researchers to make efforts into. Afterwards, it summarizes the application of the latest commercial products and potential value of components existing in potato. Particularly, there are several main tasks for the next potato research: preparing starchy foods for special group of people and developing fiber-rich products to supply the dietary fiber intake as well as manufacturing bio-friendly and specific design films/coating in packaging industry; extracting bioactive proteins and potato protease inhibitors with high biological activity, and continue to build new commercial products based on potato protein and examine their health benefits. Noteworthy, the preservation methods play a key role in phytochemicals contents left in foods and potato performs superior to many common vegetables when meeting demand of mineral daily intake and alleviating mineral deficiencies.