The need for emergency medical services increased drastically during disaster relief. Poor location selection of emergency medical facilities may harm the interests of healthcare workers and patients, leading to unnecessary waste of costs. It involves multiple stakeholders' interests, a typical multi-criteria decision-making problem. Based on multiple-criteria decision-making technology, most current location selection decisions methods comprehensively consider the evaluation criteria of "issue" and "problem" simultaneously and establish mathematical models to achieve the results. Such methods are difficult to take into account the influence of different attribute factors on the final location selection results in practice. Therefore, in this study, we used the WSR methodology as a guide to divide the factors of location selection into "Wuli", "Shili" and "Renli", and proposed the WSR methodology-based multi-criteria decision‐making (MCDM) framework for selecting the appropriate location for emergency medical facilities. The integrated framework consists of the Entropy Weight Method, Best–Worst Method, and interval type‐2 fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodologies. Combined with the comparative analysis of actual cases, the results under the guidance of this framework were consistent with practicalities. Also, the sensitivity analysis showed that the location selection ranking fluctuations were not apparent with the fluctuation of criteria weights. Wherefore, the validation of the proposed method's effectiveness, feasibility, and robustness was proved, which provided a valuable reference for the location selection of emergency medical facilities.

The sports environment plays a crucial role in shaping the physical and mental well-being of individuals engaged in sports activities. Understanding how environmental factors and emotional experiences influence sports perceptions is essential for advancing public health research and guiding optimal design interventions. However, existing studies in this field often rely on subjective evaluations, lack objective validation, and fail to provide practical insights for design applications. To address these gaps, this study adopts a data-driven approach. Quantitative data were collected to explore the visual environment of badminton courts using eye-tracking technology and a semantic differential questionnaire. The relationships between environmental factors—such as illuminance (IL), height (Ht), roof saturation (RSa), roof slope (RS), backwall saturation (BSa), and natural materials proportion on the backwall (BN)—and sports perception (W) were analyzed. Furthermore, this study identifies the best-performing machine learning model for predicting sports perception, which is subsequently integrated with a genetic algorithm to optimize environmental design thresholds. These findings provide actionable insights for creating sports environments that enhance user experience and support public health objectives.

People's perception of the city lies not only in its space and form, but also in time which is an important factor to keep the city activities of continuity and stability. Time defines the context of communication between people and the environment. Under the premise of existing urban space, researching on timeliness of urban spatial function can improve the space utilization effectively. As a part of the urban public space, the urban square is an important place. This paper takes six urban squares in Nan Gang District of Harbin as the research object; by using the Behavior Mapping Method and Statistical Method, the national fitness activities and fitness crowd were investigated, observed and recorded. Also, the period, time duration and corresponding population of kinds of fitness behavior were measured and recorded. On this basis, the law of timeliness of national fitness were summarized. So as to propose optimization strategies, which can turn existing public square spaces into national fitness spaces by utilizing timeliness difference citizens’ life.

Outdoor sports spaces in residential areas must provide safe and comfortable conditions for daily exercise, yet in severe cold regions their use is constrained by wind, solar exposure, thermal stress, noise, and air quality. Using six sites in Harbin, China, this study developed an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based evaluation system covering the wind, light, acoustic, thermal, and air environments. Candidate indicators were screened using a user questionnaire, expert AHP judgments were used to derive weights, and site performance was quantified through field monitoring, site surveys, and ENVI-met simulation. The indicator weights, in descending order, were wet-bulb globe temperature (14.96%), pedestrian-level wind speed (13.67%), building layout conducive to air circulation (13.55%), pedestrian-level wind vortices and still-air zones (12.79%), sunlight exposure and lighting effectiveness (12.67%), shading rate of hard ground surfaces and structures (12.15%), reflectivity of pavement and covering materials (11.37%), and outdoor noise level (8.83%). Overall scores differed across the six sites. An AHP-weighted performance-shortfall analysis, calculated relative to the ideal Grade 5, identified outdoor noise, shading, building-layout-related air circulation, and sunlight/lighting performance as the four largest cross-site improvement needs. The resulting framework supports the diagnosis and renewal of outdoor sports spaces in cold-region residential areas. The empirical results represent the monitored summer and autumn transitional scenarios rather than year-round performance.