By 2030, the global deficit in freshwater resources is projected to reach 40%, in direct correlation with global population growth. To cope with this increase in demand, the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations, specifically goal No. 6 of the 2030 agenda, have identified wastewater as a new resource. Indeed, the reuse of wastewater offers three primary advantages: (i) Reused wastewater can serve as an alternative to water from natural reserves, particularly in sensitive geographical areas experiencing water stress. (ii) Wastewater reuse limits the discharge of treated water into the natural environment, which is often a source of pollution, thus helping preserve ecosystems. (iii) Wastewater reuse also facilitates the extraction of valuable compounds, such as fertilisers and precious metals, along with energy generation. This review focuses on various uses of water and the global reuse of treated wastewater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The focus then shifts to pesticides, exploring the origins of these emerging contaminants and their impacts on aquatic environments. An in-depth analysis of diuron follows, examining its origin, toxicity and regulation and the performance of existing advanced treatments to produce safe water from WWTP effluents.
En el presente artículo se evaluó el desempeño de tres modelos constitutivos esfuerzo-deformación acoplados con presión de poros a suelos granulares con el objetivo de recomendar su posterior aplicación en el análisis sísmico de respuesta de sitio. El desempeño de los tres modelos acoplados se evaluó utilizando una base de datos de 25 ensayos de corte simple cíclico de alta calidad. Los análisis realizados sugieren que el modelo acoplado de esfuerzo-deformación y GMP captura razonablemente el comportamiento de presión de poros observado en los ensayos de laboratorio de una mejor manera que los modelos constitutivos más avanzados y todos ellos se pueden utilizar para realizar análisis unidimensional de respuesta de sitio considerando esfuerzos efectivos.
En el presente proyecto se propone el estudio paramétrico de un modelo constitutivo de análisis de respuesta de sitio para el estudio de variables a tener en cuenta en sitios expuestos a posibles eventos de licuación y además que tiene aplicaciones en la ingeniería sísmica, donde la mayoría de casos existentes son resueltos utilizando alternativas de solución empíricas y las alternativas de solución numéricas cada vez están ganando terreno en el campo de la ingeniería sísmica aplicada en su uso cotidiano.
The growing trend in the southern hemisphere of incorporating workers with lower educational levels into the informal economy has raised concerns, especially in Colombia, where between 50% and 74% of workers lack adequate contractual conditions. There is a close relationship between informality and the educational level, with informal employment being the one that hosts the largest proportion of people with low levels of education, generating conditions of poverty or economic vulnerability, especially in Latin America. The construction sector, vital for GDP and employment, attracts workers with little academic training, raising concerns about occupational health, occupational risks, and informality. The objective of this article is to present statistics of occupational accidents in the formal sector in various regions of the country, through a correlation between accidents in the formal and informal sector and to make a statistical inference where the accident rate in the informal sector is established, raising the urgency of specific strategies to improve the working conditions of workers in this sector.
The development of strategies to carry out modeling and simulation are fundamental for digital engineering that has application in all fields of engineering and that allows possible difficulties to be foreseen and cost overruns to be avoided. On the other hand, without the recognition of planetary limits, added to the lack of forceful actions towards sustainable development, it will not be possible to guarantee the preservation of life and the application of industry 4.0 developments. Thus, it is essential that engineering training presents a curriculum that is sensitive to the environmental crisis. Validation and simulation techniques is a transversal engineering class, since 2020. The need to strengthen programming skills oriented to the analysis of statistical data has been identified, especially for Civil Engineering students. For this reason, strategies have been implemented such as the use of MATLAB, the integration of online mini-courses, participation in the Python Fundamentals Marathon and the development of projects in an environment in which different engineering students coexist. The activity allowed students to experience the process of data collection, development of a simulation based on the analysis of their behavior, using. Likewise, the integration with the tropical dry forest, given that Cerro Seco is located next to a City Quarry, the environmental experience and the analysis of the potential impacts derived from their professions allowed them to raise awareness about their future professional performance.