Background/Objectives: New anti-tuberculosis compounds are needed to treat patients infected with multi- or extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Studies based on spontaneous in vitro mutagenesis can provide insights into the possible modes of action and resistance mechanisms of such new compounds. We evaluated the primary response of M. tuberculosis in vitro to the action of new aroylhydrazones and nitrofuroylamides. Methods: The reference strain H37Rv was cultured on solid media with compounds at increased concentrations relative to MIC. Resistant clones were investigated using whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools to assess the role and potential impact of identified mutations. Results: Some of the mutations are significant (based on in silico analysis), located in essential genes, and therefore of particular interest. Frameshift mutations were observed in (i) Rv2702/ppgK, which is associated with starvation-induced drug tolerance and persistence in mice, and (ii) Rv3696c/glpK, which has been described as a switch on/off mutation associated with drug tolerance. Nonsynonymous substitutions were found in Rv0506/mmpS2, which belongs to the Mmp protein family involved in transport and drug efflux, and in infB, encoding the translation initiation factor IF-2. Conclusions: The primary adaptation of M. tuberculosis to the selective pressure of the tested compounds is complex and multifaceted. It involves multiple unrelated genes and pathways linked to non-specific drug tolerance, efflux systems, or mechanisms counteracting oxidative stress.

Biocementation is a promising soil stabilization technology that relies on microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP). The addition of wastepaper was found to enhance the mechanical strength of biocemented soil. This study examined the effects of incorporating wastepaper into biocemented soil, focusing on the use of the ureolytic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis DSMZ 8782 and the yeast-like fungus Scytalidium candidum 3C for soil stabilization. The optimal wastepaper content was determined to be 2%, as it did not disrupt the uniform distribution of CaCO₃ and contributed to improved soil strength. The combination of bacteria and fungi significantly increased the unconfined compression strength of samples containing 2% wastepaper (161.1 kPa) compared to untreated soil (61 kPa) and bacteria-only treatments (66.5 kPa), showing improvements of 2.6 and 2.4 times, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that adding fungal biomass without wastepaper significantly improved the compressive strength, achieving a value of 236.6 kPa—nine times higher than untreated soil (26.4 kPa) and four times higher than soil treated with bacteria alone (60.6 kPa). This study identifies the optimal wastepaper content and highlights the potential of combining fungal and bacterial biomass for biocementation in soil stabilization.