Maintaining inflation is one of the prime goals of the macroeconomic policy executed through the country's central bank. The persistence of inflation is considered a serious problem in developing countries because it erodes the standard of living of the majority of people. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in energy price shocks as one of the drivers of inflation. So, the present study examines the role of pump diesel and pump gasoline prices on inflation controlling real exchange deprecation and urbanization using NARDL from 1990 to 2020. The result shows that the pump domestic diesel prices and pump domestic gasoline prices have a positively asymmetric impact on inflation in Pakistan. In contrast, real exchange deprecation and urbanization positively affect inflation. This study recommended that the government decrease the dependence on imported energy and focus on cheaper and domestic energy resources to fulfil the growing energy demand.

Climate change is a pressing issue in today’s world and is discussed in nationaland international forums. Human activities are blamed as the primary forces behindenvironmental degradation and climate issues. This study assesses the role ofenvironmental degradation on climate vulnerability from a global perspective. Forthis purpose, panel data of countries are collected from 1990 to 2023. The empiricalresults are estimated through panel quantile regression (PQR). Environmentaldegradation is measured using ecological footprint, and climate vulnerability ismeasured using the health vulnerability index by ND-GAIN. The empirical resultsproved the U-shaped relationship between ecological footprint and healthvulnerability in different quantile groups. The further analysis explores that threedeveloped countries (Luxembourg, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates) haveachieved the threshold value of the U-shaped curve and lay on the right side. Incontrast, the remaining countries are located before maturity. The study warns that ifthese countries deplete the natural resources at the same speed, they push toward theright side of the U-shaped curve, which causes more health vulnerability. This studysuggests that the governments of all global countries should pay special attention tothe declining ecological footprint, which reduces climate vulnerability and improvesthe health sector.

Industrialization has played a pivotal role in shaping economic transformation, influencing growth patterns globally across different stages of development. This study investigates the role of industrialization on economic development by controlling labor force, capital formation, school enerollment, and institutional quality. The panel data of 62 developing and 96 developed countries are collected from World Bank from 1990 to 2023. The empirical results are estimated by using the Panel Quantile Regression (PQR), and its robustness is checked through the Method of Moverment-Quantile Regression (MM-QR) approach. The empirical results found the U-shaped relationship between industrialization and economic development in both samples. The labor force significantly increases economic development in developed countries while declines in developing countries. Gross capital formation and preprimary education also significantly enhance economic development. The institutional quality surges economic development in developed countries and declines in developing countries. The MM-QR approach also shows similar results, proving the PQR approach's robustness. This study recommends that all countries should focus on industrial diversification, improving infrastructure and energy access, strengthening institutions, building a skilled workforce, and ensuring environmental sustainability.