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Currently, the watermark capacity of most self-recovery fragile image watermarking schemes is fixed. That means for smooth regions and texture regions, the length of watermark information is always the same. However, it is impractical since more recovery information is needed for the recovery of texture regions. In this paper, a self-recovery fragile image watermarking with variable watermark capacity is proposed. Based on the characteristic of singular value decomposition (SVD), a new block classification method is introduced. The image blocks are classified into smooth blocks and texture blocks. For smooth blocks, the average pixel values are adopted as the recovery information to recover the tampered blocks, while for texture blocks, the quantized and coded DCT coefficients are adopted as the recovery information. After encrypted by binary pseudo-random sequence, the recovery watermark of each block is embedded into its mapping block. In the detection side, the three-level detection mechanism is applied to detect and locate the tampered regions. The experimental results prove that the proposed method achieves good tamper detection results, and the recovered image has better image quality than other self-recovery fragile watermarking methods.
Chengyou Wang; Heng Zhang; Xiao Zhou. A Self-Recovery Fragile Image Watermarking with Variable Watermark Capacity. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 548 .
AMA StyleChengyou Wang, Heng Zhang, Xiao Zhou. A Self-Recovery Fragile Image Watermarking with Variable Watermark Capacity. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (4):548.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChengyou Wang; Heng Zhang; Xiao Zhou. 2018. "A Self-Recovery Fragile Image Watermarking with Variable Watermark Capacity." Applied Sciences 8, no. 4: 548.
Copyright protection for digital multimedia has become a research hotspot in recent years. As an efficient solution, the digital watermarking scheme has emerged at the right moment. In this article, a highly robust and hybrid watermarking method is proposed. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and all phase discrete cosine biorthogonal transform (APDCBT) presented in recent years as well as the singular value decomposition (SVD) are adopted in this method to insert and recover the watermark. To enhance the watermark imperceptibility, the direct current (DC) coefficients after block-based APDCBT in high frequency sub-bands (LH and HL) are modified by using the watermark. Compared with the conventional SVD-based watermarking method and another watermarking technique, the watermarked images obtained by the proposed method have higher image quality. In addition, the proposed method achieves high robustness in resisting various image processing attacks.
Xiao Zhou; Heng Zhang; Chengyou Wang. A Robust Image Watermarking Technique Based on DWT, APDCBT, and SVD. Symmetry 2018, 10, 77 .
AMA StyleXiao Zhou, Heng Zhang, Chengyou Wang. A Robust Image Watermarking Technique Based on DWT, APDCBT, and SVD. Symmetry. 2018; 10 (3):77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Zhou; Heng Zhang; Chengyou Wang. 2018. "A Robust Image Watermarking Technique Based on DWT, APDCBT, and SVD." Symmetry 10, no. 3: 77.
With the development of image processing technology, the copyright protection of digital images has become an urgent problem to be solved. As an effective method, the robust digital watermarking technique emerges at a historic moment. Currently, most robust watermarking schemes are performed in the transform domains, such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Compared with spatial domain watermarking schemes, these methods have achieved good performance, such as better robustness and higher security. However, the computational complexity increases with the use of forward and reverse transforms. In this paper, we analyze the SVD-based watermarking scheme and its impact on the spatial domain. Based on this analysis and the mathematical characteristics of SVD, we present a robust image watermarking scheme where a binary watermark is embedded into the largest singular value of each image block in the spatial domain. Several experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed watermarking scheme. The experimental results show that compared with the existing SVD domain watermarking schemes, our proposed method has maintained good robustness against various attacks. Moreover, it avoids the false positive problem existing in traditional SVD-based watermarking schemes and has lower computational complexity.
Heng Zhang; Chengyou Wang; Xiao Zhou. A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on SVD in the Spatial Domain. Future Internet 2017, 9, 45 .
AMA StyleHeng Zhang, Chengyou Wang, Xiao Zhou. A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on SVD in the Spatial Domain. Future Internet. 2017; 9 (3):45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeng Zhang; Chengyou Wang; Xiao Zhou. 2017. "A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on SVD in the Spatial Domain." Future Internet 9, no. 3: 45.
Digital image authentication has become a hot topic in the last few years. In this paper, a pixel-based fragile watermarking method is presented for image tamper identification and localization. By analyzing the left and right singular matrices of SVD, it is found that the matrix product between the first column of the left singular matrix and the transposition of the first column in the right singular matrix is closely related to the image texture features. Based on this characteristic, a binary watermark consisting of image texture information is generated and inserted into the least significant bit (LSB) of the original host image. To improve the security of the presented algorithm, the Arnold transform is applied twice in the watermark embedding process. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking algorithm has high security and perceptual invisibility. Moreover, it can detect and locate the tampered region effectively for various malicious attacks.
Heng Zhang; Chengyou Wang; Xiao Zhou. Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication Using the Characteristic of SVD. Algorithms 2017, 10, 27 .
AMA StyleHeng Zhang, Chengyou Wang, Xiao Zhou. Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication Using the Characteristic of SVD. Algorithms. 2017; 10 (1):27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeng Zhang; Chengyou Wang; Xiao Zhou. 2017. "Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication Using the Characteristic of SVD." Algorithms 10, no. 1: 27.