Introduction: The accelerated aging of the global population has emerged as a critical public health concern, with increasing recognition of the influential role played by the microbiome in shaping host well-being. Nonetheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the functional alterations occurring within the microbiota and their intricate interactions with metabolic pathways across various stages of aging.Methods: This study employed a comprehensive metagenomic analysis encompassing saliva and stool samples obtained from 45 pigs representing three distinct age groups, alongside serum metabolomics and lipidomics profiling.Results: Our findings unveiled discernible modifications in the gut and oral microbiomes, serum metabolome, and lipidome at each age stage. Specifically, we identified 87 microbial species in stool samples and 68 in saliva samples that demonstrated significant age-related changes. Notably, 13 species in stool, including Clostridiales bacterium, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Oscillibacter spp., exhibited age-dependent alterations, while 15 salivary species, such as Corynebacterium xerosis, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Prevotella intermedia, displayed an increase with senescence, accompanied by a notable enrichment of pathogenic organisms. Concomitant with these gut-oral microbiota changes were functional modifications observed in pathways such as cell growth and death (necroptosis), bacterial infection disease, and aging (longevity regulating pathway) throughout the aging process. Moreover, our metabolomics and lipidomics analyses unveiled the accumulation of inflammatory metabolites or the depletion of beneficial metabolites and lipids as aging progressed. Furthermore, we unraveled a complex interplay linking the oral-gut microbiota with serum metabolites and lipids.Discussion: Collectively, our findings illuminate novel insights into the potential contributions of the oral-gut microbiome and systemic circulating metabolites and lipids to host lifespan and healthy aging.

PoRV is a significant etiological agent of neonatal diarrhea in piglets, resulting in substantial economic losses within the global swine industry due to elevated mortality rates and reduced productivity. To address the urgent need for accessible and rapid diagnostics in resource-limited settings, we have developed a CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay integrated with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the visual detection of PoRV. This platform specifically targets the conserved VP6 gene using optimized RPA primers and crRNA, harnessing Cas12a’s collateral cleavage activity to enable dual-readout via fluorescence or lateral flow dipsticks (LFDs). The assay demonstrates a detection limit of 10² copies/μL within 1 h, exhibiting no cross-reactivity with phylogenetically related pathogens such as Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV). By eliminating reliance on thermal cyclers or specialized equipment, this method is fully deployable in swine farms, veterinary clinics, or field environments. The lateral flow format provides immediate colorimetric results that require minimal technical expertise, while the fluorescence mode allows for semi-quantitative analysis. This study presents a robust and cost-effective platform for decentralized PoRV surveillance in swine populations, addressing the critical need for portable diagnostics in resource-limited settings and enhancing veterinary health management.