This study analyzes the spatial aggregation and activity of the urban population in Almaty using anonymized population density data provided by a telecommunications operator and geographic data from OpenStreetMap. The study focuses on identifying stable zones of high population activity, which facilitates the optimization of transport routes, urban infrastructure planning, and the efficient allocation of city resources. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of aggregated spatiotemporal data with advanced clustering methods, including DBSCAN, KMeans++, and agglomerative clustering. The research methodology involves dividing the city into 500 × 500 m quadrants, calculating normalized population density metrics, and identifying high-activity clusters. Based on a comparative analysis of clustering algorithms, DBSCAN exhibited the highest clustering quality according to the silhouette coefficient and the Davies–Bouldin index, allowing for the identification of key zones of urban activity. The identified clusters were utilized to assess transport load, analyze disparities in the distribution of public transport stops, and develop recommendations to improve public transport accessibility in the most congested areas. The study’s findings are applicable not only to optimizing the transport network but also to addressing a broader range of urban planning challenges, including the strategic placement of infrastructure facilities and the management of population flows. The proposed methodology is scalable and can be adapted to other cities requiring effective tools for analyzing the spatiotemporal activity of urban populations.

Spatiotemporal analytics of population movement and density data plays a crucial role in building a «smart city», providing a basis for optimizing urban planning, improving transport systems, increasing public safety, environmental monitoring, developing digital services and urban analytics. This article presents the results of a study on spatiotemporal patterns of distribution and concentration of the population of Almaty using the method of dynamic heat maps. To build a complete picture of the movement, density and activity of the population, open geographic data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and aggregated data from a mobile operator were used. Analysis of the load on urban quadrants of 500×500 meters based on OSM made it possible to assess the key patterns of change in population density depending on the time of day. Visualization of spatiotemporal data is implemented using the Python Folium library, which ensured the creation of clear interactive maps. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the study of urban processes in Almaty based on integrated data from different sources reflecting the spatiotemporal features of the dynamics of the urban population. The results obtained demonstrate clear patterns of population concentration that can be used to more accurately forecast and plan the allocation of resources and urban infrastructure.