Although arthroscopic treatment is a minimally invasive surgery that effectively treats septic arthritis of the knee joint, it requires general or regional anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the clinical results of lavage after tube insertion versus arthroscopic treatment. Patients treated with arthroscopic treatment were included in group I (n = 76), while those treated with lavage by tube were included in group II (n = 34). We investigated the following in all patients: demographics, underlying disorders, initial serum white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, synovial fluid WBC and polymorphonuclear cell counts, causative organism, initial Kellgren–Lawrence grade, lavage number, interventional delay, hospitalization days, CRP normalization time, and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index scores for clinical outcomes at 3 months postoperative. The mean interventional delay was significantly greater in group I (23.6 ± 15.6 h vs. 8.7 ± 9.3 h, p < 0.001). The lavage by tube featured a significantly shorter interventional delay time than arthroscopy, while the CRP decrease rate did not differ between groups. Moreover, lavage by tube showed no significant differences in outcomes, including laboratory results and functional outcomes at 3 months postoperative.

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is the most prevalent inherited peripheral neuropathy, characterized by progressive motor and sensory dysfunction resulting from a wide spectrum of genetic abnormalities. More than 70% of affected individuals develop cavovarus foot deformities, which impair gait mechanics, reduce functional mobility, and frequently necessitate orthotic support. The diagnosis of CMT-related foot deformity requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation, with particular emphasis on identifying muscle imbalance and assessing the function of individual musculotendinous units contributing to the deformity. Conservative management, including customized footwear and orthotic bracing, remains the first-line treatment for flexible and less severe deformities. However, surgical intervention should be considered in patients with progressive deformity, persistent symptoms, or failure of nonoperative treatment. Patients requiring surgical correction commonly present with a combination of cavovarus malalignment, muscle imbalance, soft-tissue contracture, and secondary osseous deformities. Current surgical management favors joint-sparing surgery through a combination of soft-tissue procedures, corrective osteotomies, and tendon transfer whenever feasible. Arthrodesis is generally reserved for rigid deformities that cannot be adequately corrected with joint-sparing surgery for patients with painful degenerative arthritis. When appropriately indicated, surgical reconstruction can substantially improve functional outcomes, reduce dependence on bracing, and enhance overall quality of life. This narrative review summarizes current concepts in the diagnosis and management of CMT-related cavovarus foot deformity, with particular emphasis on individualized deformity assessment and contemporary joint-sparing reconstruction.

Recent increases in life expectancy have been accompanied by a growing prevalence of foot deformities, leading to increased clinical interest in their diagnosis and treatment. However, conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT) have inherent limitations in accurately evaluating the complex three-dimensional (3D) morphology of foot deformities, including flatfoot deformity and cavovarus deformity. These limitations may hinder precise characterization of deformity patterns and complicate surgical decision making. To address these challenges, substantial efforts have recently been directed toward the development of advanced imaging and analytic techniques. Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) combined with a semiautomated segmentation technique has emerged as a promising modality for the 3D assessment of normal foot anatomy and pathologic deformities. Recent studies have demonstrated the clinical utility of these technologies in improving deformity characterization, quantitative morphologic analysis, and preoperative planning. This review summarizes the current literature regarding 3D morphologic analysis of foot deformities using WBCT and semiautomated segmentation software, provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary imaging-based analytic techniques, and discusses their potential clinical applications and future directions in foot and ankle surgery.