This research aims to present an analysis of the behavior of multiple Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (multi-RPAS) flying in formation, a key aspect of advanced aerial mobility in the aerospace industry. This involves the positioning and relative distance in three dimensions (3D) of two RPAS, taking into account their operational requirements and limitations, recognizing the operating states, and addressing potential situations encountered during formation flight. For this study, the “Conformance and Fault Injection—CoFI” methodology is employed. This methodology guides the user towards a comprehensive understanding of the system and enables the creation of a set of finite state machines representing the system’s behavior under study. Consequently, models and requirements for the behavior of multi-RPAS flying in formation are presented. By applying the CoFI methodology to inject faults into the operation and predict behavior in anomalous situations, both normal and abnormal behavior models, as well as the flight behavior requirements of the multi-RPAS formation, are outlined. This analysis is expected to facilitate the identification of formation flight behavior in multi-RPAS, thereby reducing associated operational risks.

The document sets out three differentiated proposals for the transport of medicines through RPAS with their respective regulations, adapted to different operational categories: open category, special category and military scope. In the open category, an economical and efficient solution is prioritized for urban and rural areas, complying with weight and height regulations, in addition to guaranteeing the stability and quality of medications during transportation. The special category allows more complex operations and in more adverse conditions, such as densely populated areas and long routes, incorporating advanced security measures and training for personnel. In the military field, RPAS are used in conflict zones and hard-to-reach areas, ensuring the safe and rapid delivery of medical supplies under extreme conditions. Success stories in different countries are highlighted, demonstrating significant improvements in delivery times and risk reduction for health personnel.

The adoption of ADS-B in Latin America has been gradual but steady. Some countries, such as Brazil, Chile and Mexico, have made significant progress in the implementation of this system, while others are still in the early stages. It should be noted that the implementation of ADS-B is used in both military and civilian environments. For this reason, this research aims to provide information on the different characteristics that make up the surveillance systems. However, there are fundamental factors to promote the adaptation of ADS-B in Latin America, since they reduce the risk of collisions and air accidents by providing accurate and real-time information on the position and altitude of aircraft. On the other hand, it allows optimizing flight routes and reducing waiting time on the ground, which translates into fuel and cost savings for airlines. ADS-B increases the number of aircraft that can safely operate in the same airspace, which is especially important in regions with growing air traffic. ADS-B adoption in Latin America is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. The drivers for ADS-B adoption remain in place, and governments in the region are taking steps to accelerate its implementation.

The Colombian Aeroclub licensed the first use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in Colombia in 2004. Initially, this technology was used for research and development purposes. In 2004, several UAS were obtained from the Aeroclub de Colombia, and this is considered the first recorded use of UAS in Colombia. In 2015, Aerocivil issued Circular 005 as an initial operational regulation for UAS in Colombia, a significant step towards the regulation of these aircraft. The establishment of the National UAS Commission in 2016 to foster responsible development within the UAS industry has marked another milestone. For 2023, Aerocivil brings to light Circular 008 that serves as a regulation that governs the operation of UAS specifically in urban landscapes, to which the National Development Plan (2022-2026) is later added. This plan adds a section dedicated to describing how drones can be used for economic and social growth; Two intertwined but distinct spheres. The use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has revolutionized government decision-making, providing smart alternatives for information collection and processing, surveillance and monitoring are the two main components of security with many details. This helps stakeholders to take timely and effective action in different fields, including but not limited to medical situations that require emergency responses or natural calamities (where specific efforts can be concentrated based on identified needs), security to ensure peace among citizens, urban development through proper planning of resource allocation and use, etc. The use of drones in government has a far-reaching impact on many sectors that fall under scientific and technological research.

This research aims to present an analysis of the behavior of multiple Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (multi-RPAS) flying in formation, which is considered advanced aerial mobility within the aerospace industry. This involves the positioning and relative distance in three dimensions (3D) of two or more RPAS, taking into account their operational requirements and limitations, recognizing the operating states, and addressing potential situations encountered during formation flight. For this study, the “Conformance and Fault Injection – CoFI” methodology is employed. This methodology guides the user towards a comprehensive understanding of the system and enables the creation of a set of finite state machines representing the system’s behavior under study. Consequently, models and requirements for the behavior of multi-RPAS flying in formation are presented. By applying the CoFI methodology to inject faults into the operation and predict behavior in anomalous situations, both normal and abnormal behavior models, as well as the flight behavior requirements of multi-RPAS formation, are outlined. This analysis is expected to facilitate the identification of formation flight behavior in multi-RPAS, thereby reducing associated operational risks.