In this work, TiNi samples were prepared by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology, and the influence of microstructure, fluoride ion, and pH value on corrosion behavior in a saline environment was investigated and compared with TiNi alloy fabricated by traditional forging technology. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the SLM sample was slightly superior to that of the wrought sample in a saline environment due to the uniform and dense oxide film formed on the SLM sample surface. However, in acidic Artificial Saliva Solution (ASS) containing fluoride ions, the corrosion current density of the SLM sample increased from 9.85 × 10⁻² to 13.9 μA/cm² because of the presence of F⁻. Fluorine ions disrupted the passive film on the surface, and the Ti-F compound formed in the film, which deteriorated the corrosion resistance of the SLM sample. The increase in fluoride concentration and the decrease in pH value could accelerate the corrosion of the SLM sample.

This study aimed to prepare high-quality sandblasted large-grit acid-etched surfaces of pure titanium and to evaluate their physicochemical and biological properties. We investigated the acid-etching parameters of pure titanium under two sandblasting conditions, focusing on acid concentration, temperature, and time, utilizing an orthogonal experimental design. The optimal conditions for each sandblasted titanium surface were determined through range analysis, enabling the production of high-quality sandblasted large-grit acid-etched surfaces. Surface properties, including morphology and elemental composition, were assessed, along with biocompatibility tests for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. For sandblasted group a, the optimal acid-etching parameters were a mixture of 4.6 mol/L sulfuric acid and 0.814 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 60 °C for 60 min, which yielded a moderately rough surface (Group A: Sa = 1.30 ± 0.07μm). The optimal acid etching parameters for sandblasting group b were etching at 80 °C for 30 min in the same mixed solution to form a rough surface (Group B: Sa = 2.60 ± 0.10μm). Both surface treatments resulted in hydrophilicity and superior cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared with those of the controls. Different parameters of large-particle sandblasting and acid etching treatments can create pure titanium surfaces with varying degrees of roughness. However, both of which demonstrate favorable physicochemical and biological properties.

Titanium alloys are widely used in dental implants due to their superior biocompatibility and mechanical strength. However, these alloys are prone to corrosion and wear in the oral environment, thereby shortening their clinical lifespan. This study investigates the enhancement of titanium alloy surface properties using magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) and examines the influence of magnetic needle diameters (0.2–1.5 mm) on surface modification. Titanium alloy samples were processed by MAF and systematically evaluated for surface morphology, grain size, surface hardness, residual stress, electrochemical corrosion behavior, and tribological performance. Results demonstrated that MAF improves surface morphology, significantly refines grain size, and enhances surface hardness and compressive residual stress, thereby optimizing surface properties. The 1.0 mm magnetic needle group demonstrated the best performance, achieving a Vickers hardness of 376.71 ± 12.48 HV and a compressive residual stress of −579.1 ± 8.49 MPa. In addition, this group showed a higher self-corrosion potential (−0.5661 V), a lower corrosion current density (0.0114 μA·cm⁻²), and the lowest wear rate ((4.49 ± 0.42) × 10⁻⁴ mm³/N·m) in artificial saliva, demonstrating superior corrosion and wear resistance. Overall, MAF technology markedly enhances the surface integrity of titanium alloys in artificial saliva through the synergistic effects of grain refinement and stress modulation. These findings provide valuable experimental evidence supporting future efforts to optimize the surface properties of titanium alloy dental implants.

Titanium and titanium alloy implants are widely used, but implantation-related infections and biofilms remain important causes of failure and revision. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely present in a variety of organisms and are an important component of the non-specific immune function of organisms, with functions such as antibacterial, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. This review introduces the main types and structural characteristics of antimicrobial peptides, and analyzes the loading methods, mechanisms of action, and current applications of antimicrobial peptides on titanium surfaces. Finally, this article discusses the main challenges in translating antimicrobial peptide-functionalized titanium into clinical applications, and the development directions for overcoming these challenges.

Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare salivary gland malignancy of the head and neck region characterized by perineural invasion, distant metastasis, and a lack of effective targeted therapies. The molecular mechanisms underlying its progression remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we identified the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as a consistently downregulated gene in adenoid cystic carcinoma through differential expression analysis of multiple independent transcriptomic cohorts. Functional experiments were performed in SACC-83 and SACC-LM cell lines, including ectopic expression and knockdown of CFTR, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp70 using VER155008 and activation of the heat shock response by HSF1A were also assessed for effects on cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Subcutaneous xenograft experiments in nude mice were conducted to evaluate tumor growth following stable CFTR knockdown in SACC-LM cells. Results: Preliminary Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that low CFTR expression was significantly associated with inferior overall survival, although this finding requires validation in a larger independent cohort. Protein interaction network modeling revealed that CFTR occupies a hub position within a conserved interaction network linking ion channel regulation, protein quality control, and kinase signaling. Functional experiments showed that ectopic expression of CFTR suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas CFTR knockdown enhanced these malignant phenotypes, supporting a tumor-suppressive role for CFTR in these model systems. RNA sequencing of CFTR-overexpressing cells revealed coordinated downregulation of heat shock protein family members, including HSPA1A, HSPA1B, and HSPA6, with enrichment of pathways related to protein refolding. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses confirmed that CFTR expression is inversely associated with Hsp70 family members and MAPK1 (ERK2) at both mRNA and protein levels. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp70 using VER155008 suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, phenocopying the effects of CFTR restoration. Subcutaneous xenograft experiments in nude mice further demonstrated that stable CFTR knockdown in SACC-LM cells markedly accelerated tumor growth. Conversely, activation of the heat shock response by HSF1A promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion, recapitulating the consequences of CFTR loss. Notably, Hsp70 inhibition was accompanied by compensatory upregulation of MAPK1 transcripts, suggesting that CFTR is inversely associated with Hsp70 and MAPK1 through parallel rather than linear mechanisms. Discussion: These findings indicate that CFTR silencing in adenoid cystic carcinoma is accompanied by elevated Hsp70 chaperone expression, and that pharmacological targeting of Hsp70 phenocopies, rather than necessarily mediates, the tumor-suppressive effects of CFTR restoration in the SACC-83 and SACC-LM lineage. Targeting Hsp70 therefore provides a preclinical rationale, rather than direct translational evidence, for further investigation in this otherwise treatment-refractory malignancy.