This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Xinjian Shan
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

Basic Info

Basic Info is private.

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 21 May 2021 Maduo earthquake was the largest event to occur on a secondary fault in the interior of the active Bayanhar block on the north-central Tibetan plateau in the last twenty years. A detailed kinematic study of the Maduo earthquake helps us to better understand the seismogenic environments of the secondary faults within the block, and its relationship with the block-bounding faults. In this study, firstly, SAR images are used to obtain the coseismic deformation fields. Secondly, we use a strain model-based method and steepest descent method (SDM) to resolve the three-dimensional displacement components and to invert the coseismic slip distribution constrained by coseismic displacement fields, respectively. The three-dimensional displacement fields reveal a dominant left-lateral strike-slip motion, local horizontal displacement variations and widely distributed near-fault subsidence/uplift deformation. We prefer a five-segment fault slip model, with well constrained fault geometry featuring different dip angles and striking, constrained by InSAR observations. The peak coseismic slip is estimated to be ~5 m near longitude 98.9°E at a depth of ~4–7 km. Overall, the distribution of the coseismic slip on the fault is highly correlated to the measured surface displacement offsets along the entire rupture. We observe the moderate shallow slip deficit and limited afterslip deformation following the Maduo earthquake, it may indicate the effects of off-fault deformation during the earthquake and stable interseismic creep on the fault. The occurrence of the Maduo earthquake on a subsidiary fault updates the importance and the traditional estimate of the seismic hazards for the Kunlun fault.

ACS Style

Han Chen; Chunyan Qu; Dezheng Zhao; Chao Ma; Xinjian Shan. Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Model of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo (China) Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard of the Kunlun Fault. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 3327 .

AMA Style

Han Chen, Chunyan Qu, Dezheng Zhao, Chao Ma, Xinjian Shan. Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Model of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo (China) Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard of the Kunlun Fault. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (16):3327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han Chen; Chunyan Qu; Dezheng Zhao; Chao Ma; Xinjian Shan. 2021. "Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Model of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo (China) Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard of the Kunlun Fault." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3327.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The Haiyuan fault zone is an important tectonic boundary and strong seismic activity belt in northeastern Tibet, but no major earthquake has occurred in the past ∼100 years, since the Haiyuan M8.5 event in 1920. The current state of strain accumulation and seismic potential along the fault zone have attracted significant attention. In this study, we obtained the interseismic deformation field along the Haiyuan fault zone using Envisat/ASAR data in the period 2003–2010, and inverted fault kinematic parameters including the long-term slip rate, locking degree and slip deficit distribution based on InSAR and GPS individually and jointly. The results show that there is near-surface creep in the Laohushan segment of about 19 km. The locking degree changes significantly along the strike with the western part reaching 17 km and the eastern part of 3–7 km. The long-term slip rate gradually decreases from west 4.7 mm/yr to east 2.0 mm/yr. As such, there is large strain accumulation along the western part of the fault and shallow creep along the Laohushan segment; while in the eastern section, the degree of strain accumulation is low, which suggests the rupture segments of the 1920 earthquake may have been not completely relocked.

ACS Style

Xin Qiao; Chunyan Qu; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Lian Liu. Interseismic Slip and Coupling along the Haiyuan Fault Zone Constrained by InSAR and GPS Measurements. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 3333 .

AMA Style

Xin Qiao, Chunyan Qu, Xinjian Shan, Dezheng Zhao, Lian Liu. Interseismic Slip and Coupling along the Haiyuan Fault Zone Constrained by InSAR and GPS Measurements. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (16):3333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Qiao; Chunyan Qu; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Lian Liu. 2021. "Interseismic Slip and Coupling along the Haiyuan Fault Zone Constrained by InSAR and GPS Measurements." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3333.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Reads 0
Downloads 0

We model the time‐dependent postseismic displacements following the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili earthquake, including both GPS (2001‐2002 for near‐field and 2001‐2010 for far‐field) and descending‐track InSAR line‐of‐sight time series (2003‐2010) to study three postseismic deformation processes. The predicted deformation patterns and magnitude from poroelastic rebound are inconsistent with the geodetic observations. Far‐field postseismic deformation (> 200 km from rupture) is primarily induced by upper mantle viscoelastic relaxation beneath Tibet and the Qaidam Basin and places a lower bound on transient and steady‐state viscosities on the order of 1019‐1020 Pas. Shallow stress‐driven afterslip (20 km) has an amplitude of ∼1 m during the first 3 years. Our results indicate that the consideration of deep afterslip increases our estimates of transient viscosity of the lower crust beneath Tibet and the Qaidam basin for this earthquake by as much as a factor of three. Our combined model incorporating viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip suggests that the effective transient and steady‐state viscosities in the Tibetan lower crust are 5×1018 Pas and 4 ×1019 Pas, respectively (transient viscosity=2×1018 Pas without afterslip considered), while the effective transient and steady‐state viscosities below the Qaidam Basin area are 1×1019 Pas and 6 ×1019 Pas (transient viscosity=4×1018 Pas without afterslip considered).

ACS Style

Dezheng Zhao; Chunyan Qu; Roland Bürgmann; Wenyu Gong; Xinjian Shan. Relaxation of Tibetan Lower Crust and Afterslip Driven by the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake Constrained by a Decade of Geodetic Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2021, 126, 1 .

AMA Style

Dezheng Zhao, Chunyan Qu, Roland Bürgmann, Wenyu Gong, Xinjian Shan. Relaxation of Tibetan Lower Crust and Afterslip Driven by the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake Constrained by a Decade of Geodetic Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2021; 126 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dezheng Zhao; Chunyan Qu; Roland Bürgmann; Wenyu Gong; Xinjian Shan. 2021. "Relaxation of Tibetan Lower Crust and Afterslip Driven by the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake Constrained by a Decade of Geodetic Measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

On the Longmen Shan thrust belt (LMS) on the eastern margin of Tibet Plateau, the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008. As for the dynamic cause of the Wenchuan earthquake, many scholars have studied the rheological difference and terrain elevation difference on both sides of the fault. However, previous studies have simplified the LMS as a single listric-reverse fault. In fact, the LMS is composed of four faults with different dip angles in the shallow part, and the faults are Wenchuan-Maoxian fault (WMF), Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (YBF), Guanxian-Jiangyou fault (GJF) and Range Front Thrust (RFT) from west to east. However, the control of the branching structure of these faults on the distribution and accumulation of stress and strain during the seismogenic of the Wenchuan earthquake has not been discussed. In this paper, four viscoelastic finite element models with different fault numbers and combination structures are built to analyze the effect of fault branching structures on the stress distribution and accumulation during the seismogenic of Wenchuan earthquake, and we use geodetic data such as GPS and precise leveling data to constrain our models. At the same time, we also study the influence of the existence of the detachment layer, which is formed by the low-resistivity and low-velocity layer, between the upper and lower crust of the Bayan Har block and the change of its frontal edge position on the stress accumulation and distribution. The results show that the combinations of YBF and GJF is most conducive to the concentration of equivalent stress below the intersection of the two faults, and the accumulated stress on GJF is shallower than that on YBF, which means that more stress is transferred to the surface along GJF; and the existence of a detachment layer can effectively promote the accumulation of stress at the bottom of YBF and GJF, and the closer the frontal edge position of the detachment layer is to the LMS fault, the more favorable the stress accumulation is. Based on the magnitude of stress accumulation at the bottom of the intersection of YBF and GJF, we speculate that the frontal edge position of the detachment layer may cross YBF and expand eastward.

ACS Style

Chong Yue; Chunyan Qu; Xinjian Shan; Wei Yan; Jing Zhao; Huaizhong Yu; Weiyu Ma; Qi Yao. Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Branching Structure of Longmen Shan Thrust Belt on the Nucleation of Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 4031 .

AMA Style

Chong Yue, Chunyan Qu, Xinjian Shan, Wei Yan, Jing Zhao, Huaizhong Yu, Weiyu Ma, Qi Yao. Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Branching Structure of Longmen Shan Thrust Belt on the Nucleation of Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (24):4031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chong Yue; Chunyan Qu; Xinjian Shan; Wei Yan; Jing Zhao; Huaizhong Yu; Weiyu Ma; Qi Yao. 2020. "Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Branching Structure of Longmen Shan Thrust Belt on the Nucleation of Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24: 4031.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake occurred in the central Himalayan collisional orogenic belt, which demonstrated complex fault kinematics and significant surface deformation. The coseismic deformation has been well documented by previous studies using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data. However, due to some limitations of spatially sparse GPS stations and InSAR only-one-dimensional observation in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction, the complete distribution and detailed spatial variation of the three-dimensional surface deformation field are still not fully understood. In this study, we reconstructed the three-dimensional coseismic deformation fields using multi-view InSAR observations and investigated the refined surface deformation characteristics during this event. We firstly obtained four ascending and descending InSAR coseismic deformation maps from both Sentinel-1A/B and ALOS-2 data. Secondly, we obtained the synthetic north-south deformation field from our best-fitting slip distribution inversions. Finally, we calculated three-dimensional deformation fields, which were consistent with coseismic GPS displacements but with higher resolution. We found that the surface deformation is dominated by horizontal southward motion and vertical uplift and subsidence, with minor east-west deformation. In the north-south direction, the whole deformation area reaches at least 150 × 150 km with a maximum displacement of ~1.5 m. In the vertical direction, two areas, including uplift in the south and subsidence in the north, are mapped with a peak displacement of 1.5 and −1.0 m, respectively. East-west deformation presented a four-quadrant distribution with a maximum displacement of ~0.6 m. Complex thrusting movement occurred on the seismogenic fault; overall, there was southward push motion and wave-shaped fold motion.

ACS Style

Chunyan Qu; Xin Qiao; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Lei Zhao; Wenyu Gong; Yanchuan Li. InSAR 3-D Coseismic Displacement Field of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal Earthquake: Insights into Complex Fault Kinematics during the Event. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3982 .

AMA Style

Chunyan Qu, Xin Qiao, Xinjian Shan, Dezheng Zhao, Lei Zhao, Wenyu Gong, Yanchuan Li. InSAR 3-D Coseismic Displacement Field of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal Earthquake: Insights into Complex Fault Kinematics during the Event. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (23):3982.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunyan Qu; Xin Qiao; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Lei Zhao; Wenyu Gong; Yanchuan Li. 2020. "InSAR 3-D Coseismic Displacement Field of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal Earthquake: Insights into Complex Fault Kinematics during the Event." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23: 3982.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence ruptured along a complex fault system and triggered seismic and aseismic slips on intersecting faults. To characterize the surface rupture kinematics and fault slip distribution, we used optical images and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations to reconstruct the displacement caused by the earthquake sequence. We further calculated curl and divergence from the north-south and east-west components, to effectively identify the surface rupture traces. The results show that the major seismogenic fault had a length of ~55 km and strike of 320° and consisted of five secondary faults. On the basis of the determined multiple-fault geometries, we inverted the coseismic slip distributions by InSAR measurements, which indicates that the Mw7.1 mainshock was dominated by the right-lateral strike-slip (maximum strike-slip of ~5.8 m at the depth of ~7.5 km), with a small dip-slip component (peaking at ~1.8 m) on an east-dipping fault. The Mw6.4 foreshock was dominated by the left-lateral strike-slip on a north-dipping fault. These earthquakes triggered obvious aseismic creep along the Garlock fault (117.3° W–117.5° W). These results are consistent with the rupture process of the earthquake sequence, which featured a complicated cascading rupture rather than a single continuous rupture front propagating along multiple faults.

ACS Style

Chenglong Li; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Yanchuan Li; Zicheng Huang; Rui Jia; Jin Li; Jing Nie. Surface Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Distribution during the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California Earthquake Sequence Revealed by SAR and Optical Images. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3883 .

AMA Style

Chenglong Li, Guohong Zhang, Xinjian Shan, Dezheng Zhao, Yanchuan Li, Zicheng Huang, Rui Jia, Jin Li, Jing Nie. Surface Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Distribution during the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California Earthquake Sequence Revealed by SAR and Optical Images. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (23):3883.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenglong Li; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Yanchuan Li; Zicheng Huang; Rui Jia; Jin Li; Jing Nie. 2020. "Surface Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Distribution during the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California Earthquake Sequence Revealed by SAR and Optical Images." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23: 3883.

Technical note
Published: 19 October 2020 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

We obtained high-resolution (10 m) horizontal displacement fields from pre- and post-seismic Sentinel-2 optical images of the 2018 Mw7.5 Palu earthquake using subpixel image correlation. From these, we calculated the curl, divergence, and shear strain fields from the north-south (NS) and east-west (EW) displacement fields. Our results show that the surface rupture produced by the event was distributed within the Sulawesi neck (0.0974–0.6632°S) and Palu basin (0.8835–1.4206°S), and had a variable strike of 313.0–355.2° and strike slip of 2.00–6.62 m. The NS and EW displacement fields within the Palu basin included fine-scale displacements in both the near- and far-fault, the deformation patterns included a small restraining bend (localized shortening), a distributed rupture zone, and a major releasing bend (net extension) from the curl, divergence, and shear strain. Surface rupture was dominated by left-lateral strike-slip from initiation to termination, with a localized normal slip component peaking at ~3.75 m. The characteristics and geometric variation of the ruptured fault controlled both the formation of these surface deformation patterns and sustained supershear rupture.

ACS Style

Chenglong Li; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Xiaogang Song. Geometric Variation in the Surface Rupture of the 2018 Mw7.5 Palu Earthquake from Subpixel Optical Image Correlation. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3436 .

AMA Style

Chenglong Li, Guohong Zhang, Xinjian Shan, Dezheng Zhao, Xiaogang Song. Geometric Variation in the Surface Rupture of the 2018 Mw7.5 Palu Earthquake from Subpixel Optical Image Correlation. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (20):3436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenglong Li; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Dezheng Zhao; Xiaogang Song. 2020. "Geometric Variation in the Surface Rupture of the 2018 Mw7.5 Palu Earthquake from Subpixel Optical Image Correlation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20: 3436.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Taking the 2017 Mw6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquake as a case study, ionospheric disturbances (i.e., total electron content and TEC) and thermal infrared (TIR) anomalies were simultaneously investigated. The characteristics of the temperature of brightness blackbody (TBB), medium-wave infrared brightness (MIB), and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) were extracted and compared with the characteristics of ionospheric TEC. We observed different relationships among the three types of TIR radiation according to seismic or aseismic conditions. A wide range of positive TEC anomalies occurred southern to the epicenter. The area to the south of the Huarong mountain fracture, which contained the maximum TEC anomaly amplitudes, overlapped one of the regions with notable TIR anomalies. We observed three stages of increasing TIR radiation, with ionospheric TEC anomalies appearing after each stage, for the first time. There was also high spatial correspondence between both TIR and TEC anomalies and the regional geological structure. Together with the time series data, these results suggest that TEC anomaly genesis might be related to increasing TIR.

ACS Style

Meijiao Zhong; Xinjian Shan; Xuemin Zhang; Chunyan Qu; Xiao Guo; Zhonghu Jiao. Thermal Infrared and Ionospheric Anomalies of the 2017 Mw6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2843 .

AMA Style

Meijiao Zhong, Xinjian Shan, Xuemin Zhang, Chunyan Qu, Xiao Guo, Zhonghu Jiao. Thermal Infrared and Ionospheric Anomalies of the 2017 Mw6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (17):2843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meijiao Zhong; Xinjian Shan; Xuemin Zhang; Chunyan Qu; Xiao Guo; Zhonghu Jiao. 2020. "Thermal Infrared and Ionospheric Anomalies of the 2017 Mw6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17: 2843.

Article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Geosciences Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Pre-seismic thermal anomalies have been widely reported, however, there is still no unified understanding of their causes or physical mechanisms. To clarify whether subsurface fluid convection and rock deformation directly related to seismic fault stress release can form thermal anomalies before an earthquake, we carried out thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled modeling of the Wenchuan earthquake, and considered the influence of maximum horizontal principal stress direction (MPSD) and fault dip. The results show that convective thermal flux (CT) anomalies of subsurface fluid and the deformation induced thermal flux (DT) of the rock mass caused by stress release of the seismic fault can explain the observed thermal anomalies along the fault. The calculated and observed thermal anomalies are comparable in spatial distribution, evolution, and magnitude. Specifically, for the Wenchuan earthquake, seismic fault stress release-induced CT and DT anomalies occur in the fault zone and in the adjacent hanging wall area. In the fault zone, CT and DT induced thermal anomalies were comparable, and superposition of the two was characterized by strong initial warming, followed by weaker warming and then short-term cooling. However, outside of the fault zone, CT induced thermal anomalies had much higher intensities than those induced by DT, and were characterized by band-like warming along the hanging wall of the fault. In addition, variations in the MPSD and fault dip cause the segmentation of thermal anomalies along the Wenchuan earthquake fault. From the southern to the northern segments of the fault, the intensity of thermal anomalies is significantly weakened with rotation of MPSD and an increase in fault dip. Our study provides evidence that seismic fault stress release is the cause of pre-seismic thermal anomalies; furthermore, the results indicate the CT and DT could be important physical mechanisms of pre-seismic thermal anomalies.

ACS Style

Chuanhua Zhu; Xinjian Shan; Guohong Zhang; Qiongying Liu; Zhonghu Jiao. Three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled modeling of thermal anomalies before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Geosciences Journal 2020, 24, 689 -699.

AMA Style

Chuanhua Zhu, Xinjian Shan, Guohong Zhang, Qiongying Liu, Zhonghu Jiao. Three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled modeling of thermal anomalies before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Geosciences Journal. 2020; 24 (6):689-699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuanhua Zhu; Xinjian Shan; Guohong Zhang; Qiongying Liu; Zhonghu Jiao. 2020. "Three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled modeling of thermal anomalies before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake." Geosciences Journal 24, no. 6: 689-699.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2020 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Reads 0
Downloads 0

On 8 August 2017 an earthquake (MS7.0) occurred within Jiuzhaigou County, Northern Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, triggering 4834 landslides with an individual area greater than 7.8 m2 over a more than 400 km2 region. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the coseismic landslide distribution pattern, this study has attempted to reveal the control from seismic landslide susceptibility mapping, which relies on the calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model. We calculated the average critical acceleration for each cell of the gridded study area (1 km×1 km), which represented the seismic landslide susceptibility of the cell. An index of the potential landslide area generation rate was defined, i.e., the possible landsliding area in each grid cell. In combination with PGA (peak ground acceleration) distribution, we calculated such indexes for each cell to predict the possible landslide hazard under seismic ground shaking. Results show that seismic landslide susceptibility plays an important role in determining the coseismic landslide pattern. The places with high seismic landslide susceptibility tends to host many landslides. Additionally, the areas with high potential landslide area generation rates have high real landslide occurrence rates, consistent with dominant small-medium scale landslides by this earthquake. This approach can aid assessment of seismic landslide hazards at a preliminary stage. Additionally, it forms a foundation for further research, such as the rapid evaluation of post-earthquake landslides and identifying highly impacted areas to help decision makers prioritize disaster relief efforts.

ACS Style

Xiao-Li Chen; Xin-Jian Shan; Ming-Ming Wang; Chun-Guo Liu; Na-Na Han. Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 198 .

AMA Style

Xiao-Li Chen, Xin-Jian Shan, Ming-Ming Wang, Chun-Guo Liu, Na-Na Han. Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (4):198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao-Li Chen; Xin-Jian Shan; Ming-Ming Wang; Chun-Guo Liu; Na-Na Han. 2020. "Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4: 198.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2019 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 12 November 2017 Darbandikhan earthquake (Mw 7.3) occurred along the converence zone. Despite the extensive research on this earthquake, none of this work explained whether this earthquake rupture was limited to the thick sedimentary cover or it extends to the underlying crystalline basement rock (or both). Besides, whether this region will generate devastating earthquakes again and whether there is a one-to-one correlation between these anticlines and blind-reverse faults need further investigation. In this study, we derived the co-seismic interferograms from the Sentinel-1A/B data and successfully described the surface deformation of the main seismic zone. The fringe patterns of both the ascending and descending interferograms show that the co-seismic deformation is dominated by horizontal movements. Then, using the along- and across-track deformation fields of different orbits, we retrieved the three-dimensional deformation field, which suggests that the Darbandikhan earthquake may be a blind thrust fault close to the north–south direction. Finally, we inverted the geometrical parameters of the seismogenic fault and the slip distribution of the fault plane. The results show that the source fault has an average strike of 355.5° and a northeast dip angle of −17.5°. In addition, the Darbandikhan earthquake has an average rake of 135.5°, with the maximum slip of 4.5 m at 14.5 km depth. On the basis of the derived depth and the aftershock information provided by the Iranian Seismological Center, we inferred that this event primarily ruptured within the crystalline basement and the seismogenic fault is the Zagros Mountain Front Fault (MFF). The seismogenic region has both relatively low historical seismicity and convergent strain rate, which suggests that the vicinity of the epicenter may have absorbed the majority of the energy released by the convergence between the Arabian and the Eurasian plates and may generate Mw > 7 earthquakes again. Moreover, the Zagros front fold between the Lurestan Arc and the Kirkuk Embayment may be generated by the long-distance slippage of the uppermost sedimentary cover in response to the sudden shortening of the MFF basement. We thus conclude that the master blind thrust may control the generation of the Zagros front folding.

ACS Style

Zicheng Huang; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Wenyu Gong; Yingfeng Zhang; Yanchuan Li. Co-Seismic Deformation and Fault Slip Model of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Darbandikhan, Iran–Iraq Earthquake Inferred from D-InSAR Measurements. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2521 .

AMA Style

Zicheng Huang, Guohong Zhang, Xinjian Shan, Wenyu Gong, Yingfeng Zhang, Yanchuan Li. Co-Seismic Deformation and Fault Slip Model of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Darbandikhan, Iran–Iraq Earthquake Inferred from D-InSAR Measurements. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (21):2521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zicheng Huang; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Wenyu Gong; Yingfeng Zhang; Yanchuan Li. 2019. "Co-Seismic Deformation and Fault Slip Model of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Darbandikhan, Iran–Iraq Earthquake Inferred from D-InSAR Measurements." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21: 2521.

Letter
Published: 17 October 2019 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

During an earthquake, crustal deformation, fluid flow, and temperature variation are coupled; however, earthquake-related land surface temperature (LST) variations remain unclear. To determine whether post-seismic fluid migration can cause changes in LST, and taking the Mw 7.3 2017 Iran earthquake as an example, we modeled surface cooling (CA) and warming (WA) areas induced by co-seismic slip and fluid migration using a thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled numerical simulation. Moreover, using nighttime LST data with 15-min resolution, the daily attenuation coefficient k of nighttime LST was extracted by attenuation function fitting, and the trend of the k time series was analyzed using the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s methods. Based on the comparison of k trends between the post-seismic and 2010–2016 periods, we obtained cooling and warming trends for the modeled CA and WA. The numerical simulation and observational data show good consistency, and both indicate that fluid migration caused by crustal deformation can lead to changes in LST. The numerical simulations show that after the Iran earthquake, the surface projection area of co-seismic slip correlated with a cooling area (CA), while the surrounding area correlated with a warming area (WA). For the LST observational data, the post-seismic k trends of the calculated CA and WA are positive and negative, indicating sustained cooling and warming processes, respectively. This study provides evidence that LST variation is caused by co-seismic crustal deformation and fluid migration and reveals the coupled evolution of deformation, fluid, and temperature fields. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms of seismic thermal anomalies.

ACS Style

Chuanhua Zhu; Zhonghu Jiao; Xinjian Shan; Guohong Zhang; Yanchuan Li. Land Surface Temperature Variation Following the 2017 Mw 7.3 Iran Earthquake. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2411 .

AMA Style

Chuanhua Zhu, Zhonghu Jiao, Xinjian Shan, Guohong Zhang, Yanchuan Li. Land Surface Temperature Variation Following the 2017 Mw 7.3 Iran Earthquake. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (20):2411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuanhua Zhu; Zhonghu Jiao; Xinjian Shan; Guohong Zhang; Yanchuan Li. 2019. "Land Surface Temperature Variation Following the 2017 Mw 7.3 Iran Earthquake." Remote Sensing 11, no. 20: 2411.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2019 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This study focuses on the crustal deformation and interseismic fault coupling along the strike-slip Kunlun fault, northern Tibet, whose western segment ruptured in the 2001 Mw 7.8 Kokoxili earthquake. We first integrated published Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity solutions and calculated strain rate fields covering the Kunlun fault. Our results show abnormally high post-earthquake strain rate values across the ruptures; furthermore, these exceed those in pre-earthquake data. Together with two tracks of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations (2003–2010) and position time-series data from two continuous GPS sites, we show that the postseismic deformation of the Kokoxili earthquake may continue up to 2014; and that the postseismic transients of the earthquake affect the 2001–2014 GPS velocity solutions. We then processed the GPS data observed in 2014–2017 and obtained a dense interseismic velocity field for the northern Tibet. Using a fault dislocation model in a Bayesian framework, we estimated the slip rates and fault coupling on the Kunlun fault in 1991–2001 and 2014–2017. Results show an increase of slip rates and eastward migration of high fault coupling on the Kunlun fault after 2001. We propose the temporal variations are a result of the eastward accelerating movement, as a whole, of the Bayanhar block, whose boundaries were decoupled by several large earthquakes since 1997. Moreover, our results show the accumulated elastic strains along the Alake Lake-Tuosuo Lake segments could be balanced by an Mw 7.4–7.7 earthquake.

ACS Style

Yanchuan Li; Xinjian Shan; Chunyan Qu. Geodetic Constraints on the Crustal Deformation along the Kunlun Fault and Its Tectonic Implications. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1775 .

AMA Style

Yanchuan Li, Xinjian Shan, Chunyan Qu. Geodetic Constraints on the Crustal Deformation along the Kunlun Fault and Its Tectonic Implications. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (15):1775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanchuan Li; Xinjian Shan; Chunyan Qu. 2019. "Geodetic Constraints on the Crustal Deformation along the Kunlun Fault and Its Tectonic Implications." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15: 1775.

Journal article
Published: 08 December 2018 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili earthquake, which occurred in the north Tibetan Plateau, ruptured ~400 km of the westernmost portion of the Kunlun fault and produced significant time-dependent postseismic deformation over a large area around the rupture zone and nearby regions. To analyze the postseismic deformation features along different sections of the coseismic surface rupture, we describe the total cumulative postseismic deformation near the center of the rupture and produce velocity maps for the whole observation period and six sub-periods, using InSAR observations (ENVISAT/ASAR, 2003–2010) on five descending tracks. The results indicate that the postseismic deformation is asymmetrically distributed across the fault over a very broad area of ~300 km × 500 km. The south side of the fault exhibits larger displacements and a wider area of deformation that is steadily decaying from near-field to far-field, while the north side displays a narrow, rapidly diminishing deformation field. The maximum cumulative displacement in 2003–2010 reaches up to ~45–60 mm and the LOS peak-to-trough average velocity offset in 2003–2010 reaches ~13–16 mm/yr at ~92.5°E. The short-term postseismic velocity estimates in the six sub-periods reflect significant spatial variation and temporal differences on different sections. Motions to the south of the two ends of the rupture zone show more rapid velocity decay compared to near the main central rupture zone. The time- and distance-dependent timeseries of postseismic surface displacement reveal exponential decay in the near-field and a nearly linear trend in the far-field of the fault.

ACS Style

Dezheng Zhao; Chunyan Qu; Xinjian Shan; Roland Bürgmann; Wenyu Gong; Guohong Zhang. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Postseismic Deformation Following the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake from 7 Years of Insar Observations. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1988 .

AMA Style

Dezheng Zhao, Chunyan Qu, Xinjian Shan, Roland Bürgmann, Wenyu Gong, Guohong Zhang. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Postseismic Deformation Following the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake from 7 Years of Insar Observations. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (12):1988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dezheng Zhao; Chunyan Qu; Xinjian Shan; Roland Bürgmann; Wenyu Gong; Guohong Zhang. 2018. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Postseismic Deformation Following the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake from 7 Years of Insar Observations." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12: 1988.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2018 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The monitoring of earthquake events is a very important and challenging task. Remote sensing technology has been found to strengthen the monitoring abilities of the Earth’s surface at a macroscopic scale. Therefore, it has proven to be very helpful in the exploration of some important anomalies, which cannot be seen in a small scope. Previously, thermal infrared (TIR) anomalies have been widely regarded as indications of early warnings for earthquake events. At the present time, some classic algorithms exist, which have been developed to extract TIR anomaly signals before the onset of large earthquakes. In this research study, with the aim of addressing some of the deficiencies of the classic algorithm, which is currently used for noise filtering during the process of extracting tectonic TIR anomalies signals, a novel TTIA (tectonic thermal infrared anomalies) algorithm was proposed to characterize earthquake TIR anomalies using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature dataset (MOD11A2). Then, for the purpose of determining the rule of the TIR anomalies prior to large earthquake events, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China was chosen as the study area. It is known that tectonic movements are very active in the study area, and major earthquakes often occur. The following conclusions were obtained from the experimental results of this study: (1) The TIR anomalies extracted using the proposed TTIA method showed a very obvious spatial distribution characteristic along the tectonic faults, which indicated that the proposed algorithm had distinctive advantages in removing or weakening the disturbances of the atectonic TIR anomalies signals; (2) The seismogenic zone was observed to be a more effective observation scale for assisting in the deeper understanding and investigations of the mid- and short-term seismogenic and crust stress change processes; (3) The movement trace of the centroids of the TIR anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau three years prior to earthquake events contributed to improved judgments of dangerous regions where major earthquakes may occur in the future.

ACS Style

Dongmei Song; Ruihuan Xie; Lin Zang; Jingyuan Yin; Kai Qin; Xinjian Shan; Jianyong Cui; Bin Wang. A New Algorithm for the Characterization of Thermal Infrared Anomalies in Tectonic Activities. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1941 .

AMA Style

Dongmei Song, Ruihuan Xie, Lin Zang, Jingyuan Yin, Kai Qin, Xinjian Shan, Jianyong Cui, Bin Wang. A New Algorithm for the Characterization of Thermal Infrared Anomalies in Tectonic Activities. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (12):1941.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dongmei Song; Ruihuan Xie; Lin Zang; Jingyuan Yin; Kai Qin; Xinjian Shan; Jianyong Cui; Bin Wang. 2018. "A New Algorithm for the Characterization of Thermal Infrared Anomalies in Tectonic Activities." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12: 1941.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2018 in Remote Sensing
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Investigating relationships between temporally- and spatially-related continental earthquakes is important for a better understanding of the crustal deformation, the mechanism of earthquake nucleation and occurrence, and the triggering effect between earthquakes. Here we utilize Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities before and after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake to invert the fault coupling of the Longmenshan Fault (LMSF) and investigate the impact of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake on the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake. The results indicate that, before the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, fault segments were strongly coupled and locked at a depth of ~18 km along the central and northern LMSF. The seismic gap between the two earthquake rupture zones was only locked at a depth < 5 km. The southern LMSF was coupled at a depth of ~10 km. However, regions around the hypocenter of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake were not coupled, with an average coupling coefficient ~0.3. After the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the central and northern LMSF, including part of the seismic gap, were decoupled, with an average coupling coefficient smaller than 0.2. The southern LMSF, however, was coupled to ~20 km depth. Regions around the hypocenter of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake were also coupled. Moreover, by interpreting changes of the GPS velocities before and after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, we find that the upper crust of the eastern Tibet (i.e., the Bayan Har block), which was driven by the postseismic relaxation of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, thrust at an accelerating pace to the Sichuan block and result in enhanced compression and shear stress on the LMSF. Consequently, downdip coupling of the fault, together with the rapid accumulation of the elastic strain, lead to the occurrence of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake. Finally, the quantity analysis on the seismic moment accumulated and released along the southern LMSF show that the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake should be defined as a “delayed” aftershock of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The seismic risk is low along the seismic gap, but high on the unruptured southwesternmost area of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake.

ACS Style

Yanchuan Li; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Yunhua Liu; Yanqiang Wu; Hongbao Liang; Chunyan Qu; Xiaogang Song. GPS-Derived Fault Coupling of the Longmenshan Fault Associated with the 2008 Mw Wenchuan 7.9 Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 753 .

AMA Style

Yanchuan Li, Guohong Zhang, Xinjian Shan, Yunhua Liu, Yanqiang Wu, Hongbao Liang, Chunyan Qu, Xiaogang Song. GPS-Derived Fault Coupling of the Longmenshan Fault Associated with the 2008 Mw Wenchuan 7.9 Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (5):753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanchuan Li; Guohong Zhang; Xinjian Shan; Yunhua Liu; Yanqiang Wu; Hongbao Liang; Chunyan Qu; Xiaogang Song. 2018. "GPS-Derived Fault Coupling of the Longmenshan Fault Associated with the 2008 Mw Wenchuan 7.9 Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications." Remote Sensing 10, no. 5: 753.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2012 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Among many of the differential interferometric synthetic-aperture radar technologies, artificial corner reflectors (ACR) are widely used in monitoring earthquake deformation and urban subsidence due to their relative stability on synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) acquisition. Apparently, the detection and extraction of ACRs on remotely sensed images would be of utmost importance. Many different geometric types of ACRs are designed to achieve maximum detection. Among them, dihedral, rectangle trihedral, and pyramidal ACRs are the most commonly employed. The cost and difficulty of deploying ACRs in the field, however, render comparison among the three types rather impractical, if not impossible. The current study attempts to tackle the issue from a physical optics perspective. Adopting radar cross section (RCS) as the measure of ACRs’ detectability, we examined the relationships between the ACRs’ RCS under vertical polarity with various parameters including the radar incident angles, width and heights of the ACRs and the azimuthal angles. The analyses indicate that under vertical polarity, among the three types of ACRs, the rectangle trihedral ACR is the most tolerant to its deploying surroundings. To verify the physical optics analysis results, we collected ENVISAT data from a variety of deployed ACRs in the Yan-Huai Basin, China, and derived their reflectance characteristics. The field data agree with the theoretical analyses. From this practice, it seems that the physical optics method might prove to be a rather economical and effective approach to design and select appropriate ACRs in field deployment.

ACS Style

Xin-Jian Shan; Jing-Yuan Yin; Dan-Lin Yu; Cheng-Fan Li; Jun-Juan Zhao; Gui-Fang Zhang. Analysis of artificial corner reflector’s radar cross section: a physical optics perspective. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2012, 6, 2755 -2765.

AMA Style

Xin-Jian Shan, Jing-Yuan Yin, Dan-Lin Yu, Cheng-Fan Li, Jun-Juan Zhao, Gui-Fang Zhang. Analysis of artificial corner reflector’s radar cross section: a physical optics perspective. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2012; 6 (8):2755-2765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin-Jian Shan; Jing-Yuan Yin; Dan-Lin Yu; Cheng-Fan Li; Jun-Juan Zhao; Gui-Fang Zhang. 2012. "Analysis of artificial corner reflector’s radar cross section: a physical optics perspective." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6, no. 8: 2755-2765.