The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as a function of the proximity of the Flona Tapajós and the consolidated grain production center in western Pará. Two climatological normal datasets from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were analyzed (1961-1990 and 1981-2010). Analysis of variance was used to compare averages, extremes (minimums and maximums), and thermal amplitudes. Average temperature was 24.6 °C in the first semester (1961-1990) and 25.2 °C (1981-2010), with maximums of 29.4 °C and 29.9 °C, and minimums of 20.6 and 21.2 °C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in these comparisons. In the second semester the averages increased to 25.2 °C and 26.0 °C, and were statistically different, with maximums of 31.2 °C and 31.6 °C and minimums of 20.4 °C and 21.2 °C, indicating different thermal regimes during 1981-2010. Additionally, from October to December the nights were warmer. The Flona Tapajós may have experienced a reduction in provision of ecosystem services, and the increase in minimum temperatures could be associated with grain production activities in the region.

Anthropized areas in the Brazilian Amazon require detailed mapping to identify zones for sustainable use. This study developed a topoclimatic zoning framework to evaluate the conservation and agroforestry potential of three native species: Carapa guianensis (Andiroba), Dipteryx odorata (Cumaru), and Bertholletia excelsa (Amazon Nut). The hypothesis was that integrating topographic and climatic data can effectively identify high-potential areas for these species to support forest restoration and sustainable management. This study applied ecological modeling and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to classify zones into high, medium, and low potential for each species. Results showed Carapa guianensis has high potential in 64% of anthropized areas, Dipteryx odorata in 72% of the Legal Amazon, and Bertholletia excelsa in 58%, highlighting their adaptability and strategic value for restoration efforts. The findings emphasize the importance of topoclimatic zoning as a tool for conservation and sustainable use strategies. By aligning with Brazil’s Payment for Environmental Services (PES) Law, this approach can foster agroforestry practices, enhance biodiversity conservation, and strengthen the Amazon bioeconomy, ensuring ecological resilience and sustainable development.

The Brazilian Amazon, a global biodiversity hotspot, faces escalating anthropogenic pressures and climate change, underscoring the urgent need to identify priority areas for ecological restoration and sustainable forest use. This study applied a topoclimatic zoning methodological framework in the Legal Amazon to evaluate the environmental suitability of 12 native tree species across anthropogenically altered landscapes. Species occurrence data were compiled from the RADAMBRASIL Project, GBIF, Herbaria, and forest inventory literature. Climatic, topographic, and geographic variables (1961–2022) informed the zoning model. Our findings reveal that species such as Dinizia excelsa Ducke (81%) and Handroanthus albus (Cham.) Mattos (78%) exhibit exceptionally high topoclimatic suitability. Conversely, Simarouba amara Aubl. (37%) and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby (46%) showed the lowest proportions in high-potential areas, suggesting their greater ecological breadth or specific niche requirements in altered zones. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated strong correlations between high-potential areas and Af3, Am3, and Aw4 climatic subtypes. This study offers a replicable, evidence-based model for prioritizing species and locations, significantly supporting sustainable silviculture and enhancing the long-term resilience of Amazonian forests in the face of climate change.

Comparaison des conditions agrométéorologiques au Pará occidental et des variables de production agricole en utilisant une analyse en composantes principales Description du sujet. Depuis le début du 21e siècle, les superficies cultivées du soja se sont étendues en Amazonie légale. Parmi les facteurs qui contribuent à l'expansion de cette culture agricole en Amazonie, les conditions climatiques favorables sont le plus important, elles correspondent à des précipitations élevées et à des régimes thermiques favorables pendant la saison de culture. Objectifs. Dans ce contexte, le but de cette étude est de décrire les réponses de rendement du soja en fonction des variables climatiques en utilisant les données d’une importante région de culture des grains en Amazonie. Méthode. L’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a été utilisée avec la matrice des corrélations de Pearson selon les variables de réponse suivantes : la précipitation (R), la température de l’air (T), l'évapotranspiration réelle, le stress (WST) et l’excédent hydrique, la superficie récoltée du soja (HVA), le rendement du soja (PD), les occurrences des phénomènes d’El Niño et de La Niña (LAN). Résultats. Les variables de production étaient négativement corrélées avec les précipitations et l'excès de surplus d'eau. Il y avait aussi une corrélation négative entre El Niño, la température et le stress hydrique. Les variables qui avaient le plus de poids dans la composante 1 étaient R, T et WST. Considérant la composante 2, les variables qui ont le plus contribué à la variation étaient HVA, PD et LAN. Conclusions. L'apparition forte ou sévère de La Niña influence la production de soja dans la région de Belterra-PA, en raison de l'indice de précipitations élevé provoquant un excès d'eau dans le sol, entrainant un stress des plantes. L'occurrence modérée de La Niña influence positivement la production de soja dans la région pour maintenir l'approvisionnement en eau à des niveaux adéquats pour les plantes. Ces résultats montrent l'importance du suivi des variables climatiques pour l'agriculture de la région. Description of the subject. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, soybean cultivation areas have been expanding in the Legal Amazon. Among the factors that contribute to the process of expansion of cultivation of grains in the Amazon, favorable climate conditions are one of the most important, and these include high rainfall indices and good thermal regimes during the cultivation period. Objectives. In this context, the objective of this study was to describe responses of soybean production as a function of climate variables, considering data from an important grain production center in the Amazon. Method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used including the following response variables: rainfall (R), air temperature (T), real evapotranspiration, water stress (WST) and surplus, soybean area harvested (HVA), quantity produced (PD), occurrence of El Niño and La Niña (LAN). Results. Production variables were negatively correlated with precipitation and water surplus. There was also a negative correlation between El Niño, temperature and water stress. The variables that had greater weight in component 1 were R, T and WST. Considering component 2, the variables that most contributed to the variation were HVA, PD and LAN. Conclusions. The strong or severe occurrence of La Niña influences the soybean production in the region of Belterra-PA, due to the high rainfall index causing excess water in the soil, leading the plants to stress. The moderate occurrence of La Niña positively influences soybean production in the region to maintain the water supply at adequate levels for the plants. These results show the importance of monitoring climate variables for agriculture in the region.