The mitochondrial plastid DNAs (MTPTs) in seed plants were reported more than 40 years ago and exhibited a high diversity regarding gene content, quantity, and size. However, the mechanism that resulted in the current diversity of MTPTs in angiosperms has not been fully discovered. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete organelle genomes of Limonia acidissima L., a monotypic species of Rutaceae. The newly generated and previously published organelle genomes of 42 species were used to explore the diversity of MTPTs regarding quantity, gene content, size, and coverage of chloroplast genome (cpDNA) regions. The results showed that the number of MTPTs ranged from three to 74, of which the lengths were from 100 to 53,731 bp. The highest coverage of MTPTs was found in the inverted repeat region, whereas the small single repeat region had the lowest coverage. Based on the previous data and current results, we propose a scenario for the diversity of MTPTs in angiosperms. In the first stage, the whole cpDNA might migrate to the mitogenome. Then, different genomic events, such as duplication, deletion, substitution, and inversion, have occurred continuously and independently and resulted in extremely variable profiles of mitogenomes among angiosperms. Our hypothesis provides a new and possibly reliable scenario for explaining the present circumstances of MTPTs in angiosperms. However, more genomic data should be mined, and more studies should be conducted to clarify this natural phenomenon in plants.

The increased demand for consuming seafood has made seafood production undergo a rapid period of growth. However, seafood has a high risk of contamination from harmful microorganisms and marine toxins which can cause health problems for humans consuming it. Concerning this issue, monitoring seafood safety has become a center of attention for researchers, and developing effective methods for detecting contamination in seafood has become a critical research field. In this context, biosensors have served as a promising approach to monitor seafood contamination. Compared to conventional methods, biosensors have some key benefits such as high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, and user-friendly operation. Along with significant advances in biosensors, processes of seafood monitoring can be simplified and performed outside the laboratory. In this review article, we describe the mechanisms of two main types of biosensors regarding electrochemical and optical biosensors. The current reports within the last five years on the application of these biosensors for seafood monitoring are also summarized.

Durian, a member of the Malvaceae family, is famous for its delicious fruits, which have strong scents and are rich in nutrients. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of Durio zibethinus L. 1774 cultivar Ri6, a popular durian cultivar in Vietnam, using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The results showed a circular chloroplast genome composed of a large single copy of 96,115 bp, a small single copy of 20,819 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 24,185 bp. This genome consisted of 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes. The overall GC content of this genome was 35.7%. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from 78 protein-coding regions revealed monophyly of Durio species and a close relationship between D. zibethinus cultivar Ri6 and cultivar Mongthong. This study provides essential information for further studies examining genetic population, breedings, and species identification among Durio taxa and cultivars.

Mimosa pigra L., also called the giant sensitive tree, is native to tropical America and has invaded Africa, Asia, and Australia. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of M. pigra, which was 165,996 bp in length and composed of a large single-copy region (LSC; 93,299 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC; 17,989 bp) and two inverted repeat regions (IRs; 27,354 bp). The complete M. pigra chloroplast genome included 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method revealed the monophyly of M. pigra and related taxa of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. In comparison, the members of Papilionoideae were paraphyletic.

Sầu riêng (Durio zibethinus) là một trong những giống cây ăn quả đặc sản của Việt Nam được thị trường ưa chuộng. Hiện nay có nhiều giống sầu riêng được trồng tại Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL) và khó phân biệt được qua hình thái. Đề tài được thực hiện nhằm bước đầu khảo sát về mặt di truyền dựa trên DNA mã vạch và chỉ thị phân tử ISSR. Trình tự DNA của ba locus DNA mã vạch gồm ITS, matK, rpoC1 của chín giống (Ri-6, Monthong, Khổ Qua Xanh, Chín Hóa, Sữa Hạt Lép, Chuồng Bò, Bí, Musang King và Sáu Hữu) được thu từ Cần Thơ, Tiền Giang, Bến Tre và Vĩnh Long đã được giải trình tự và phân tích. Nghiên cứu đã xác định 6 SNPs của vùng ITS giữa các cá thể Ri-6-Bến Tre, Monthong-Tiền Giang, Chuồng Bò-Tiền Giang, Sữa Hạt Lép-Cần Thơ và Sáu Hữu-Tiền Giang. Đối với vùng trình tự matK tìm được 9 SNPs phân biệt được các cá thể Ri-6 (Cần Thơ và Viện Cây ăn quả miền Nam), Chín Hóa-Bến Tre, Sữa Hạt Lép-Bến Tre và Sáu Hữu-Tiền Giang. Vùng trình tự rpoC1 có độ bảo tồn cao giữa các giống trong nghiên cứu. Cây phân loại dựa trên các dấu phân tử ISSR đã tách các giống sầu riêng thành 5 nhóm và cho thấy sự khác biệt rõ của giống sầu riêng nhập ngoại Musang King-Vĩnh Long và cá thể sầu riêng Monthong-Tiền Giang.