Species of Amanita sect. Vaginatae (Fr.) Quél. are challenging to delimitate due to the morphological similarity or morphostasis among different taxa. In this study, a multi-locus (nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with the 5.8S rDNA, the D1–D3 domains of nuc 28S rDNA, partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-a, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) phylogeny was employed to investigate the species diversity of the section in eastern China. Sixteen species were recognized, including four new species; namely, A. circulata, A. multicingulata, A. orientalis, and A. sinofulva. They were documented with illustrated descriptions, ecological evidence, and comparisons with similar species. A key to the species of the section from eastern China is provided.

Strobilomyces alpinus is a unique and significant mushroom endemic to southwestern and central China, characterized by its exclusive subalpine distribution and a strong host preference for Abies spp. The biological and genetic studies of this mushroom are scarce, which significantly hinders research on molecular breeding and evolutionary patterns. In this study, we report the de novo sequencing and assembly of the S. alpinus genome using the DNBSEQ-T7 and the third-generation Pacific Biosciences sequencing platform. The total genome size was approximately 58.75 Mb, with a GC content of 54.87%. The genome assembly produced 68 contigs, with an N50 length of 4.03 Mb. The genome comprises 11,761 annotated protein-coding genes, including 813 CAZyme-coding genes, 182 Cytochrome P450 genes, and 1,821 candidate pathogenicity-related genes. The non-coding RNA prediction results indicated the presence of 532 rRNAs, 62 small RNAs, and 98 tRNAs in the S. alpinus genome. Notably, there is a high degree of repetition (44.28%) within the S. alpinus genome. Additionally, we identified 16 secondary metabolite gene clusters, including 7 NRPS-like clusters, 5 terpene clusters, 1 fungal-RiPP-like cluster, 1 RiPP-like cluster, 1 T1PKS cluster, and 1 T1PKS-NRPS linkage gene cluster. Several important metabolic pathways, including terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, and folate biosynthesis, have been elucidated. The annotated whole-genome sequence of S. alpinus can serve as a reference for investigations of bioactive compounds with medicinal value and for commercial production.