The rise of oocytes cryopreservation (OOC) in assisted reproductive techniques allows fertility preservation (FP) in an increasing number of indications. Endometriosis, a highly prevalent disease, potentially impairing ovarian reserve, seems, therefore, an interesting indication for it. The purpose of this study is to summarize the available evidence concerning FP by OOC in women with endometriosis and to calculate the number needed to treat (NNT). In total, 272 articles related to this topic were identified in PubMed. Eight studies were eligible for the review. In order to shed some light, a SWOT analysis was performed and the argument pros and cons were developed. The NNT calculated of OOC was 16, meaning that 16 women need to perform an OOC for one of them to have a child that she would not have had without this technique. In conclusion, OOC must be discussed with patients who suffer from endometriosis since it is an effective technique of FP, which can allow these patients to succeed a pregnancy that they otherwise would not have achieved. Nevertheless, it should not be performed in all patients as there is still a lack of robust socio-economic and risk–benefit data.

Background/Objectives: Adenomyosis is a benign condition where ectopic endometrial glandular tissue is found within the uterine myometrium. Its impact on women’s reproductive outcomes is substantial, primarily due to defective decidualization, impaired endometrial receptivity, and implantation failure. The exact pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear, and the role of autophagy in adenomyosis and its associated infertility is not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to conduct an exhaustive search of the literature to clarify the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases up to the date of 20 August 2024. We included all English-written publications assessing the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Results: Seventeen eligible articles were identified, including reviews and experimental studies involving human samples and murine models. The results showed that the role of autophagy in adenomyosis is controversial, with studies showing both increased and decreased levels of autophagy in adenomyosis. Conclusions: Autophagy plays a dual role in cell survival and death. Increased autophagy might support the survival and proliferation of ectopic endometrial cells, while decreased autophagy could prevent cell death, leading to abnormal growth. Oxidative stress may trigger pro-survival autophagy, mitigating apoptosis and promoting cellular homeostasis. Hormonal imbalances disrupt normal autophagic activity, potentially impairing endometrial receptivity and decidualization and contributing to infertility. The balance of autophagy is crucial in adenomyosis, with its dual role contributing to the complexity of the disease. Limitations: A few studies have been conducted with heterogeneous populations, limiting comparative analyses.

Introduction Pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, when compared with naturally conceived pregnancies. Objective The efficacy of aspirin prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia is well established in naturally conceived pregnancies identified as high risk for developing preeclampsia. However, the efficacy of aspirin to reduce the rate of preeclampsia for all pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation remains uncertain, although in vitro fertilisation conception is a well-known risk factor for preeclampsia. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature regarding the use of low-dose aspirin to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation. Inclusion criteria This review will identify all peer-reviewed published articles including pregnant women who underwent embryo transfer after in vitro fertilisation and were prescribed low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods We have devised a comprehensive search strategy to systematically identify pertinent studies published from January 2000 until May 2024, within the Medline (PubMed interface), Embase and Scopus databases. The search strategy is based on the keywords ‘aspirin,’ ‘pregnancy-induced hypertension,’ and (‘in vitro fertilization’ OR ‘oocyte donation’ OR ‘embryo transfer’ OR ‘donor conception’). Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full-text articles to select the relevant articles, using the Covidence software. Ethics and dissemination No patients are involved in this study. This study aims to be published in a peer-reviewed journal and could be presented at a conference.

Adenomyosis—the ectopic presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium—affects reproductive-age women and is associated with pain, bleeding, and subfertility, yet the immune events that precede pregnancy remain poorly defined. To address this, we investigated how the uterine immune microenvironment evolves before conception in a tamoxifen-induced murine model of adenomyosis. At 1- and 3-months post-induction, we analyzed uterine tissue by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that adenomyotic uteri exhibited a sustained elevation of interleukin-6 messenger RNA, a transient interleukin-10 rise at 1 month, and stable cyclooxygenase-2 levels. Interleukin-6 receptor messenger RNA and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 messenger RNA were both transiently downregulated at 1 month and returned to control levels by 3 months. Early in disease development, total macrophage numbers declined and displayed an alternative (M2) activation phenotype, followed by a selective loss of classically activated (M1) macrophages at later stages. B lymphocytes were consistently enriched, indicating enhanced humoral activity. Although overall T-cell counts remained stable, the CD3+ compartment underwent a marked shift from double-negative T lymphocytes toward T-helper and cytotoxic subsets, coinciding with the transient signaling changes. Limitations of our study include reliance on a single animal model, analysis at only two timepoints, and a lack of functional assessment of regulatory T cells. Future work should incorporate finer temporal profiling, single-cell transcriptomics, and validation in human tissues. These findings highlight dynamic innate–adaptive crosstalk as an early driver of adenomyosis pathology and suggest that targeting interleukin-6-mediated pathways may inform biomarker development and novel immunomodulatory interventions.