To compare the effects of Internet-based exercise on glycaemic control, blood lipids, body composition, physical activity level, functional capacity, and quality of life with supervised group exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes. Single-blind, randomized controlled study. A Faculty of Health Sciences. A total of 65 patients with type 2 diabetes (47 women, 18 men). Group A (n = 22), control group – physical activity counselling once with a brochure. Group B (n = 22), supervised group-based exercise, three days per week for eight weeks. Group C (n = 21), Internet-based exercise following the same programme via a website. Primary outcomes – glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, high-density and low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Secondary outcomes – waist and hip circumferences, body mass index, number of steps, six-minute walking test, and Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension. After treatment, glycaemic control (mean change for Group B; Group C; –0.80%, –0.91%, P = 0.003), waist circumference (–4.23 cm, 5.64 cm, P = 0.006), and quality of life (0.26, 0.15, P = 0.013) significantly improved in both training groups compared with the control group. Fasting blood glucose (–46.86 mg/dL, P = 0.009) and hip circumference (–2.7 cm, P = 0.011) were significantly decreased in Group B and total cholesterol (–16.4 mg/dL, P = 0.028), six-minute walking distance (30.5 m, P = 0.01), and number of steps (1258.05, P = 0.023) significantly improved in Group C compared with control group. Group B and Group C changed with equal magnitude. In type 2 diabetes, supervised group-based and Internet-based exercise can improve equally glycaemic control, waist circumference, and quality of life, and both are better than simply counselling.

Current guidelines on acute and chronic coronary syndromes recommend comprehensive and multidisciplinary exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in Class I. Indeed, in patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention, this supervised and structured rehabilitation program improves cardiovascular risk and reduces adverse events and mortality. After an initial assessment, including a peak exercise capacity evaluation, patients follow a tailored multidisciplinary program consisting of aerobic and resistance exercise training, risk factor management, dietary counselling, physical activity counselling, weight control management, psychosocial support, and education. However, tailored management and exercise prescription require careful assessment and risk consideration of several variables such as left ventricular dysfunction, comorbidities, aging, coronary artery disease severity, physical activity capacity, and type of coronary syndrome. The functional and prognostic benefits of cardiac rehabilitation have been widely demonstrated in patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention; however, referral is still limited, although exercise should be strongly recommended to these patients in the context of cardiovascular prevention. Therefore, the aim of our article is to provide an updated, critical, and state-of-the-art review of exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation programs in patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention. Furthermore, practical approaches to the management of these patients with a multidisciplinary and personalized intervention will be provided.

Recovery from exercise is important in sports and rehabilitation for preventing exercise-induced injuries and recovery of performance. This study aimed to compare active recovery (AR), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and foam rolling (FR) in terms of blood lactate (Bla) removal, reduction in delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and restoration of muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility in healthy young individuals. Forty-five subjects aged 20-25 years were assigned to AR, FR, and NMES groups. The subjects performed a single bout of circuit-based high-intensity training (CBHIT) at 85% of the heart rate reserve (HRR). The subjects in the AR group walked at 40% of the HRR, whereas those in the FR group self-massaged the tight muscles. In the NMES group, electrical stimulation was applied to the hamstrings and quadriceps. All recovery methods took 15 minutes. The sit-and-reach performance, quadriceps and hamstring strength, and squat endurance of the subjects were measured prior to CBHIT and after recovery. Bla concentrations were measured before CBHIT and at 0, 5, and 20 minutes of recovery. The DOMS were evaluated for 3 days. After recovery, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of quadriceps (right, P=0.82; left, P=0.772) and hamstring (right, P=0.41; left, P=0.30) strength, sit-and-reach performance (P=0.55), squat endurance (P=0.18), Bla concentration at each time point (P=0.94), and DOMS (P=0.31). This study showed that AR, NMES, and FR have similar effects on Bla removal, performance recovery, and DOMS reduction in healthy young individuals.