In this study, the parameters for the adsorption of indigo blue dye onto iron oxide nanoparticles were optimized in a batch system (Fe3O4@ME nanoparticles nanomaterials synthesized using bacterial extracts and Fe3O4 nanomaterials synthesized using bacterial cell mass). The Taguchi optimization approach (an L9 array design) was utilized to estimate the significance and interaction impacts of many examined parameters (initial concentration of indigo blue dye, adsorbent dose, and contact time) on the adsorption process. It was observed that the ideal conditions were 0.125 gm of adsorbent, 13 mg/lit of initial dye concentration, and 90 minutes of contact time at pH 7, room temperature. In this study, at optimized conditions, the percent dye removal for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@ME nanoparticles was 86 and 76, respectively. The percentage contribution of each process parameter to the elimination of indigo blue dye was determined using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. It was found that Taguchi could accurately forecast the outcomes. In order to support the accuracy of the process parameter optimization under the specified experimental conditions, it was found that the percentage removal of the indigo blue dye obtained in the confirmatory experiments carried out under optimized conditions was higher than that optimized in each of the Taguchi design's test runs.

In this paper, we introduce a new closure operator termed the (δs)ω-closure operator and relate it to the δω-closure, θω-closure, and the usual closure operator In this paper, we introduce a new closure operator termed the (δs)ω-closure operator and relate it to the δω-closure, θω-closure, and the usual closure operator

This purpose of this paper is to introduce a new class of open sets namely semi-delta-open sets . Further, some basic topological concepts such as neighbourhood axioms, border point, exterior point, frontier point of a set are defined and their properties have been investigated. In addition, in terms of these open sets, semi-delta-closed functions and semi-delta-continuous functions are also defined and their properties have been discussed

Contents IJPAM: Volume 92, No. 3 (2014)

Al‐Jarrah et al. defined a new topological operator, namely, δ_ω‐closure operator, and proved that it lies between the δ‐closure operator and the usual closure operator. Al‐Ghour et al. defined θ_ω‐closure operator and discussed its properties. In this paper, it is proved that the δ_ω‐closure operator lies between the θ_ω‐closure operator and the usual closure operator. Also, sufficient conditions are given for the equivalence between the δ_ω‐closure operator and the θ_ω‐closure operator. Moreover, we define three new types of continuity, namely, δ_ω‐continuity, ω‐δ‐continuity, and almost δ_ω‐continuity, and discuss their properties. It is proved that the concepts of usual continuity and δ_ω‐continuity are independent of each other. In addition, the relationships between different types of continuity have been investigated. Further, some examples and counter examples are given.