Too-Hot Times: Climate warming has been invoked as a factor contributing to widespread extinction events, acting as a trigger or amplifier for more proximal causes, such as marine anoxia.Sunet al.(p.366; see the Perspective byBottjer) present evidence that exceptionally high temperatures themselves may have caused some extinctions during the end-Permian. A rapid temperature rise coincided with a general absence of ichthyofauna in equatorial regions, as well as an absence of many species of marine mammals and calcareous algae, consistent with thermal influences on the marine low latitudes. Sea surface temperatures approached 40°C, which suggests that land temperatures likely fluctuated to even higher values that suppressed terrestrial equatorial plant and animal abundance during most of the Early Triassic.