Dynamic nylon–polystyrene membranes with polystyrene contents of 2.6 and 4.1 wt % have been obtained by applying polystyrene with a particle size of 142–452 nm onto the surface of a nylon membrane...

Ion-selective membranes have a high degree of separation of the solutions, both with low and high concentrations of dissolved salts. Besides solutions using ion selective membrane occurs in the low operating pressures of 0.1-2 bar, depending on the substrate to which the working layer is applied. Lately, in the production of conductive polymers are used, such as polyaniline (PANI), for example for the manufacture of solar cells, sensor devices, for making protection from electrostatic charges and corrosion, as well as ion-exchange membranes. Use in the preparation of PANI, or modification has the advantages of ion exchange membranes in the communication and availability of raw materials and ease of manufacture and also because of such quality as high selective permeability. Modification of membranes to form on the surface and in the pores of the PANI layer, which is a cationic, allows to obtain ion-exchange membranes are not inferior in selectivity by reverse osmosis on a number of cations. The aim is to establish the chemical nature of using FTIR spectroscopy layer surface modification of PTFE and nylon membranes by polymerization of aniline and the study of possible changes in the properties of membranes such as exchange capacity and moisture content. In this operation the composite membranes prepared from cation-modified surface layer on the substrate a polyaniline and nylon of PTFE. The results of the study by infrared spectroscopy of the molecular structure of polyaniline and a number of materials on its basis.

Nylon–polyaniline (nylon–PANI) membranes with different polymerization times have been prepared, and the surface of modified membranes has been investigated. The permeateflux of the initial and modified membranes has been determined with distilled water and aqueous emulsion sewage containing oil products. The specific permeability of the membranes decreases with the increasing time of membrane treatment with ammonium persulfate. The efficiency of oil separation from Inkam-1 emulsion by a nylon membrane was much lower than that by the modified nylon–PANI membranes. The highest oil separation efficiency was observed in a nylon–PANI15 membrane. In general, a nylon–PANI membrane much worse rejected oil products from an Inkam-1 emulsion than from aqueous emulsion sewage. The particle size of the dispersed phase of emulsions has been studied before and after purification by membranes. A membrane with high specific permittivity and separation efficiency can be chosen by varying the polymerization time of nylon–PANI membranes depending on the particle size of oil products in the emulsion.

Composite membranes have been prepared by modifying a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with aniline hydrochloride, and the effect of polymerization time on the efficiency of the recovery of petroleum products from aqueous oil emulsions was studied. It has been found that the modification leads to an increase in the degree of oil removal from oil-in-water emulsions by 29%. The specific productivity of the original and modified membranes has been determined with distilled water and water–oil emulsions. It has been found that the specific productivity of the membranes decreases with the time of membrane treatment with ammonium persulfate. The surface of the modified membranes has been studied with the aid of a scanning electron microscope, and the elemental composition of composite membrane surfaces has been examined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. It has been determined that the modification of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with aniline hydrochloride leads to an increase in the carbon content and the appearance of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms.