Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate in women worldwide. The advantages of early cancer diagnosis are apparent, and it is a critical factor in increasing the patient’s life and survival. According to mounting evidence, microRNAs (miRNAs) may be crucial regulators of critical biological processes. miRNA dysregulation has been linked to the beginning and progression of various human malignancies, including BC, and can operate as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. This study aimed to identify novel miRNA biomarkers in BC tissues and non-tumor adjacent tissues of patients with BC. Microarray datasets GSE15852 and GSE42568 for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and GSE45666, GSE57897, and GSE40525 for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed using “R” software. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created to identify the hub genes. MirNet, miRTarBase, and MirPathDB databases were used to predict DEMs targeted genes. Functional enrichment analysis was used to demonstrate the topmost classifications of molecular pathways. The prognostic capability of selected DEMs was evaluated through a Kaplan-Meier plot. Moreover, the specificity and sensitivity of detected miRNAs to discriminate BC from adjacent controls were assessed by area under the curve (AUC) using the ROC curve analysis. In the last phase of this study, gene expression on 100 BC tissues and 100 healthy adjacent tissues were analyzed and calculated by using the Real-Time PCR method. Results: This study declared that miR-583 and miR-877-5p were downregulated in tumor samples in comparison to adjacent non-tumor samples (|logFC|< 0 and P ≤ 0.05). Accordingly, ROC curve analysis demonstrated the biomarker potential of miR-877-5p (AUC = 0.63) and miR-583 (AUC = 0.69). Our results showed that has-miR-583 and has-miR-877-5p could be potential biomarkers in BC.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflamatory disease, which affects the (Central Nervous System) and leads to the destruction of myelin and atrophy of the axons. Genetic factors, in addition to environmental ones, seem to play a role in MS. Numerous studies have reported mitochondrial defects including a reduction in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex function related to the reduction of mitochondrial genes expression in the cortex tissue of patients with MS have been reported. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess COX5B and COX2 genes expression in MS patients and compare it with normal subjects. We determine expression levels of genes COX5B and COX2, and also gene reference ß-actine using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Data were obtained and obtained and standardized with the gene reference and were analyzed using independent sample t-test with SPSS and Excel programs. Result and Discussion: The resultshowed COX5B gene expression reduced signifi cant in MS patients compared to normal subjects (P < -0.05) whereas, there was no significant difference in the COX2 gene expression between normal subjects and patients. Thus, it can be claimed that down-regulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain genes supported the hypothesis that hypoxia-like tissue injury in MS may be due to mitochondrial genes, different expression impairment.

The objective of this study was to identify gliadin band patterns and the extent of genetic diversity in durum wheat genotypes from Northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. Gliadins from 46 landraces and four cultivars were evaluated through acid PAGE analyses. Sixty-six polymorphic bands and 81 patterns were identified. Twenty-four different motility bands and 22 patterns were found in the ω gliadin region with 14 polymorph bands and 20 patterns for α and γ gliadins, and 14 bands and 19 different patterns for β gliadins. The combination of these patterns generated 38 and 39 combinations for Gli-1 and Gli-2 loci, respectively. The genetic diversity index (H) was higher for α gliadins (0.924), followed by ω and γ gliadins (0.899 and 0.878, respectively), and for β gliadin patterns (0.866). Extensive polymorphism (H = 0.875) was observed in four gliadin pattern regions, with higher genetic diversity in the Iranian landraces than in the Azerbaijani ones. Each genotype had special identifying patterns in the gliadin acid PAGE analysis, and cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients formed six groups. Gliadin has a simple, repeatable and economic analysis, and can be used in genetic studies

Background: Skin aging, which is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leads to reduced elastin, collagen, and hydration levels.Aims: This study aimed to utilize modified exosomal content with treated Oleuropein and Fe₃O₄@C/Oleuropein to modulate gene and microRNA expression on the HFFF2 cells in vitro in order to reduce skin aging.Material & Methods: Fe₃O₄@C/Oleuropein was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The MTT assay was conducted to test toxicity Following this, hUC‐MSCs and HFFF2 cells were treated with Fe3O4@C/Oleuropein and Oleuropein. Exosomes derived from the treatments were extracted by ultracentrifugation and evaluated by DLS and western blotting. HFFF2 cells were treated with exosomes derived from the treatments. The expression of the studied genes and related microRNAs was measured using qRT‐PCR. Also, the effect of exosomes derived from the treatments on HFFF2 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry.Results: The results showed that the expression of IGF1, IGF1R, COL1A1, ELN, and EGF genes was significantly increased with Oleuropein (500 μg/mL) and Fe₃O₄@C/Oleuropein (250 μg/mL) treatments, especially when treated with exosomes derived from treatments. Moreover, the expression of hsa‐miR‐29b‐3p, hsa‐let‐7d‐5p, and hsa‐let‐7e‐5p microRNAs was significantly downregulated, and hsa‐miR‐34a‐5p was upregulated in the HFFF2 cells, which was consistent with the exosome cargo derived from treated cells.Conclusions: Exosomes can increase gene expression and reduce microRNAs associated with skin antiaging. Using modified exosomal content treated with Oleuropein and Fe₃O₄@CQD/Oleuropein is generally effective for preventing skin aging and also presents innovative methods for skin care.

Sirtuin1 ( SIRT1 ) plays an important role in skin aging by regulating cellular processes such as oxidative stress response, inflammation modulation, Collagen and Elastin synthesis. This study aims to examine oleuropein's (OLE) effect on SIRT1 gene expression and to analyze SIRT1 ‐related miRNAs in exosomes produced from Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSC) and Human Fetal Foreskin Fibroblast 2 (HFFF2) cells, along with these treated exosomes' impact on SIRT1 gene expression and the studied miRNAs in HFFF2 cells to decrease skin aging. A nontoxic concentration (400 μg/mL) of OLE was applied to the MSCs and HFFF2 cells. Then, Gradient Ultracentrifugation extracted their exosomes; cell‐derived exosomes were confirmed by DLS assay and western Blot. Exosomes were applied at 50 μg/mL (exosome protein concentration) to HFFF2 cells. The expression of SIRT1 gene and related miRNAs relative to the control group were examined using qRT‐PCR. This analysis was conducted on cells OLE‐treated for SIRT1 , on exosomes treatment with OLE for miRNAs, and on HFFF2 cells treated with cell‐derived exosomes for both SIRT1 and miRNAs. SIRT1 expression was upregulated ( p ≤ 0.05) in both OLE and cell‐derived exosomes. Also, hsa‐miR‐29c‐3p and hsa‐miR‐9‐5p were downregulated ( p ≤ 0.05), whereas hsa‐miR‐155‐5p was upregulated ( p ≤ 0.05) in exosomes OLE‐treated and in HFFF2 cells treated with these exosomes. This study introduces a novel approach to skin rejuvenation by using manipulated exosomes OLE‐treated, which enhance SIRT1 expression and suppress related miRNAs. This method potentially offers a more effective and less immunogenic alternative to direct OLE application due to the exosomes' ability to penetrate cells.