Food reward (i.e., liking and wanting) has been shown to decrease after different types of weight management interventions. However, it is unknown whether specific dietary modalities (continuous (CER) vs. intermittent (IER) energy restriction) have differing effects on liking and implicit wanting after weight loss (WL) and whether these changes are sustained after 1-year of no-contact. Women with overweight or obesity (age 18–55 years) were randomly allocated to controlled-feeding CER (25% daily energy restriction) or IER (alternating ad libitum and 75% energy restriction days). Study visits were conducted at baseline, post-WL (to ≥5% WL within 12 weeks) and 1-year post-WL. The main outcomes were liking and implicit wanting for 4 categories of common food varying in fat and taste assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Linear mixed models were conducted on the 30 participants achieving ≥5% WL and 15 returners. After an initial WL of −5.1 ± 0.2 kg, after 1-year 2.6 ± 0.5 kg were regained. Liking but not wanting decreased after WL. Food reward after 1-year did not differ from baseline, but the high loss to follow-up prevents generalization. IER and CER did not differ in their effects on food reward during WL or at 1-year follow-up.

This study’s aim was two-fold: (i) to test the intra-session reliability of the one-leg balance activity test; and (ii) to assess the influence of age on reaction time (RT) and the differences between dominant and non-dominant feet. Fifty young soccer players with an average age of 12.4 ± 1.8 years were divided into two groups: younger soccer players (n = 26; 11.6 ± 0.9 years) and older soccer players (n = 24; 14.2 ± 0.8 years). Each group then completed four trials (two with each leg) of the one-leg balance activity (OLBA) to evaluate RT under a single-leg stance. Mean RT and the number of hits were calculated, and the best trial was also selected. T-tests and Pearson correlations were performed for statistical analysis. Values for RT were lower, and the number of hits was higher while standing on the non-dominant foot (p = 0.01). MANOVA revealed that the “Dominant Leg” factor did not affect the multivariate composite (Pillai Trace = 0.05; F(4, 43) = 0.565; p = 0.689; Partial ETA Squared = 0.050; Observed Power = 0.174). The “Age” factor did not present an effect on the multivariate composite (Pillai Trace = 0.104; F(4, 43) = 1.243; p = 0.307; Partial ETA Squared = 0.104; Observed Power = 0.355). The results of the present investigation demonstrate that RT may be lower while standing on the non-dominant foot.

Torque outputs exhibit non-random fluctuations in their temporal structure, i.e., complexity. Fatigue has been shown to alter this structure. The torque outputs typically become more regular, resulting in decreased adaptability. Importantly, torque complexity was shown a different recovery pattern after fatigue compared to maximal torque. However, it remains to be understood if these uncoupled patterns of recovery are muscle dependent. In addition, it also remains to be investigated if changes in maximal torque and complexity are correlated. This study investigated (i) the effects of a fatiguing protocol on the complexity and maximal torque from plantar flexors and (ii) the relationship between changes in these two outputs. Ten participants visited the laboratory, and measures were taken at baseline, immediately after, 1 h after and 24 h after the fatiguing protocol. Maximum voluntary contraction, isometric contractions at 30% of maximum and pain pressure threshold were collected. Both legs were assessed, but only one was given the fatiguing protocol. Two-way ANOVAs and correlations were conducted. The fatiguing protocol decreased torque complexity (~35%) and maximal torque (~20%), and they exhibited uncoupled patterns of recovery. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed no correlation between changes in these parameters. These findings support that these parameters are independent of each other.

Introduction: The present investigation carried out a cross-cultural adaptation of the category-ratio Borg Scale (Borg CR - 10 scale) into Portuguese. It assessed its content validity and reliability during adolescents' progressive aerobic capacity test in school. Methods: In the first phase, a cross-cultural adaptation and content validity analysis of the Borg CR-10 scale were performed, followed by a pilot study that tested the clarity of the adapted scale (n = 20, mean age of 16.20 ± 1.40 years). Content validity was verified through experts, and reliability was assessed using heart rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) correlation during a progressive shuttle run. In the second phase, 172 adolescents (mean age of 14.50 ± 1.94 years) performed a 20-meter shuttle run test. At each stage, participants reported their RPE, and HR was recorded. Results: The adapted Portuguese Borg CR-10 scale demonstrated excellent content validity (CVC = 0.993) and stage-dependent reliability, with higher agreement between RPE and HR observed in the advanced stages of the 20-meter shuttle run test (e.g., ICC = 0.96 at stage 12). Kendall's tau correlation was used to assess the correlation between RPE and HR across the 20-meter shuttle run test stages. Discussion: Stronger correlations between RPE and HR at higher exercise intensities suggest that the Portuguese Borg CR-10 scale is particularly reliable among adolescents with greater physical fitness and training experience. Conclusion: These findings support using the Portuguese Borg CR-10 scale as a valid and reliable tool for assessing perceived exertion in adolescents, particularly those with higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels. The scale is suitable for application in school-based physical education settings, offering a practical alternative to more costly physiological monitoring methods.