High energy consumption is a global issue nowadays. The building sector consumes a tremendous amount of energy. Inspiration from nature (biomimicry) could be the driving force in architecture to achieve a high level of sustainability by translating biosystems into architecture. Drawing inspiration from various sources to address the challenge of the design problem, integrating the behaviour of biosystems into the building envelope could significantly influence energy performance. This paper investigates a bio-mimicry-based approach to enhancing energy efficiency in office buildings by analysing and comparing 8 projects in different climates. The result showed that the behaviour level is more applicable and functional than the organism. And ecosystem levels. Finally, the conceptual model would propose office buildings based on biomimicry strategies.

Annual energy consumption has surged due to suboptimal energy efficiency, resulting in an electricity supply shortage in Sulaimani, an Iraqi city in a temperate climate zone. This mixed-methods study aims to optimise energy efficiency in Sulaimani’s office buildings using IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE) dynamic simulation software v4.8. First, we collected data and developed 204 scenarios based on three prevalent plan typologies, linear (T₁), concentric (T₂), and courtyard (T₃), utilising common materials such as Alucobond (M₁), cement plaster (M₂), Styropor (M₃), and a curtain wall (M₄). Afterwards, we performed relevant analyses employing External Venetian Blinds (EVBs) to reduce cooling load and/or Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) to reduce heating load. Notably, the results proved that EPS was more effective than EVBs in reducing both heating and cooling loads in the temperate climate zone, achieving reductions of up to 38% for T₁. Meanwhile, EPS contributed to a heating load reduction of up to 52% for T₃, and this adversely impacted overall energy consumption. Both EVBs and EPS could reduce total energy consumption by up to 30% in T₂. In conclusion, the total energy consumption increased in temperate climate zones when EVBs were utilised, but this effect varied based on the various typologies of office buildings.