To date, 26 species of the subfamily Nomiinae are known to occur in Pakistan. Among these, most of the species have been reported from the northern parts of Punjab, particularly the Pothwar region. In this study, sweat bees from the subfamily Nomiinae were collected from six districts of southern Punjab, Pakistan, to identify their taxonomic diversity. A total of nine species from four genera i.e., Austronomia Michener, 1965, Lipotriches Gerstaecker, 1858, Nomia Letreille, 1804, and Pseudapis Kirby, 1900 were identified. These species were Austronomia pilipes (Smith, 1875), Lipotriches (Armatriches) fervida (Smith, 1875), L. (Lipotriches) fulvinerva (Cameron, 1907), Nomia (Leuconomia) interstitialis Cameron, 1898, N. (Nomia) curvipes (Fabricius, 1793), N. (Hoplonomia) westwoodi (Gribodo, 1894), Pseudapis (Pseudapis) nilotica (Smith, 1875), P. (Pseudapis) oxybeloides (Smith, 1875), and P. (Nomiapis) bispinosa (Brulle, 1832). All the bee species except P. oxybeloides are reported for the first time from southern Punjab, Pakistan. A key to the genera of the subfamily Nomiinae, species, diagnoses, floral hosts, and distributions are provided. Moreover, habitus photographs and male genitalia illustrations are provided for each species except L. fervida and L. fulvinerva, as no male specimens were collected during the entire study period. This study will be helpful in the establishment of conservation strategies for native bees.

Atractomorpha lata Motschoulsky (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) has recently emerged as an important agricultural pest in China. Understanding the impact of temperature on its developmental period is crucial for predicting its population dynamics. This study systematically observed the biological characteristics of A. lata at five temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C) using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. The effects of temperature on the developmental period, survival rate, and fecundity of A. lata were studied using fresh bean leaves as host. The results demonstrated that as temperature increased from 16 °C to 32 °C, the developmental period, preadult time, adult longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP) significantly decreased. The developmental threshold temperatures for various stages were calculated, ranging from 10.47 °C to 13.01 °C, using the linear optimal method. As temperature increased, both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) also increased, while the mean generation time (T) decreased. The optimal values of the net reproductive rate (R₀ = 54.26 offspring), gross reproductive rate (GRR = 185.53 ± 16.94 offspring), and fecundity (169.56 ± 9.93 eggs) were observed at 24 °C. Similarly, the population trend index (I) for A. lata peaked at 24 °C (61.64). Our findings indicate that A. lata exhibits its highest population growth rate at 24 °C, providing a scientific basis for predicting its population dynamics in the field.

The shield bug, Dolycoris baccarum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is widely distributed across Asia and Europe. At high latitudes, it overwinters, as adult in diapause, which then becomes the insect source for the following year. To fully understand the developmental duration and diapause characteristics of D. baccarum, the effects of photoperiod and temperature were studied in a population from Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicated that the developmental duration was significantly prolonged at temperatures of 20 or 25 °C, with a prolonged light period; however, when the light period was prolonged to 16L:8D and 18L:6D, the developmental duration was shortened significantly. Furthermore, the developmental duration was also shortened significantly with increasing temperature, when the photoperiod was 12L:12D for short days and 16L:8D for long days. All individuals entered diapause under short-day conditions of 10L:14D and 12L:12D at a temperature of 20 °C; however, the diapause rate decreased significantly under 14L:10D and 16L:8D photoperiods, and the diapause rate decreased significantly at a temperature of 25 °C with prolonged photoperiod. Interestingly, when the photoperiod was fixed at 12L:12D, the diapause rates at different temperatures (20, 25, 28, and 30 °C) exceeded 95%; while the effect of temperature on diapauses was nonsignificant under this photoperiod, it was still sensitive to the photoperiod; at a photoperiod of 16L:8D, the effect of temperature on the diapause rate was noticeable, and the diapause rate decreased significantly with increasing temperature.