Chitosan, a naturally available biopolymer which is now increasingly used as a functional finish on textile substrates to impart antimicrobial characteristics and increase dye uptake of fabrics, was blended with different ratios of gelatinized starch. The chitosan was extracted and characterized by IR, ¹H‐NMR, and X‐ray powder diffraction. These blends were tested as thickeners in textile screen printing using Curcuma tinctoria as natural dye. The rheological properties and the viscosity of the printing paste were measured. The effect of chitosan on the printing properties of different fabrics (natural, blends, and synthetic fabrics) was studied by measuring the color strength value (K/S) and related color parameters of the printed fabrics. The antimicrobial properties of printed fabrics were assessed. The results proved that the printed fabrics using these new thickeners showed increase in the color strength value (K/S) giving darker color which means that chitosan increased the dye uptake on fabrics. Fastness properties of the printed fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration, and light have also been improved. The treated fabrics were found to be antimicrobial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to successfully implement microwave irradiation for the rapid synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes. The prepared dyes are then applied for printing of polyester and polyamide by silk screen printing process. Design/methodology/approach: A series of new N′-(methylene)-2-imino-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives 3a–r were synthesised in excellent yield and high atom economy by the Knoevenagel condensation of salicylaldehyde derivatives 1 and cyano-N′-methyleneaceto-hydrazide derivatives 2 in the presence of piperidine catalyst. The optical properties of the synthesised compounds were recorded; all of the compounds were found to be fluorescent in 1, 4-dioxane solution; they all emitted blue light (440-460 nm). This work shows that the optical properties strongly depend on the nature of the substituent, and indicate which type of substituent is favourable for a given application. It confirms that iminocoumarin derivatives could lead to a new generation of fluorescent probes, prone to easy modification of their chemical structure. These synthesised dyes are used to print polyester and polyamide fabrics using synthetic thickener in the printing paste for silk screen technique. Findings: The structures of synthesised dyes were established and confirmed for the reaction products on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H-NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for traditional printing on polyester and polyamide fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained using the synthesised dyes were found to possess high colour strength and excellent overall fastness properties but relatively low light fastness. Research limitations/implications: The synthesised fluorescent dyes were prepared by a simple reaction process in microwave. The optical properties for obtained dyes show include the fact that it will have various important applications. In addition, they were used for printing synthetic fabrics and were found to have good results. Practical implications: The new fluorescent dyes’ system has excellent printing properties. Also they are superior in terms of yield, purity, colour strength and fastness properties which may lend them valuable commercial production. Originality/value: The result of this work aimed to define the scope and limitation of the procedures for the synthesis of novel iminocoumarin dyes via a simple and economic way.

Several new condensed carbocyclic arylazopyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives were obtained from 4‐arylazo‐3,5‐diaminopyrazoles as starting components. The application and dye characteristics for the synthesized dyes are demonstrated.

Purpose: – This paper aims to synthesise coumarine flourescent dyes from a cheap material in a very short time with a very high yield, and by using a clean green chemistry. Design/methodology/approach: – Efficient microwave synthesis for some novel iminocoumarins starts from the reaction of p-phenyl-enediamine and ethyl cyanoacetate followed by cyclocondensation with salicylaldehyde derivatives. Findings: – The synthesized iminocoumarine compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compounds were also recorded. All compounds were fluorescent in 1,4-dioxane solution, they all emitted blue light (440-460 nm). The printing properties were studied, and their applications on printing polyester and polyamide fabrics were studied by silk screen printing. Originality/value: – The authors designed efficient microwavel synthesis for some novel iminocoumarine derivatives; The novel procedure features short-reaction time, moderate yields and simple workup; All compounds were fluorescent in 1,4-dioxane solution, and they all emitted blue light; The authors studied their application in printing polyester and polyamide fabrics.

Products made of fluorescent textiles have a variety of applications, most notably as smart textiles for human safety during outdoor sports, as well as for detecting authenticity and avoiding counterfeiting. Fluorescence in smart fabrics is obtained via dyeing or printing the fabrics by fluorescent inks which based on organic fluorescent dyes, rare earth metal, dendrimers. This review highlights and discuss the fundamental ideas of fluorescence, fluorescent coloring materials (organic or inorganic), the processes used to prepare some fluorescent dyes, ink formulations, and other related topics. Additionally, we have discussed their capacity to print on various surfaces using various printing methods by reviewing current advancements made to clear the way for further studies in this area.