The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of an earth fill dam, analyzing the deformations determined by high precision geodetic techniques and those obtained by the Finite Element Method (FEM). A large number of control points were established around the area of the dam, and the measurements of their displacements took place during several periods. In this study, high-precision leveling and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) techniques were used to monitor vertical and horizontal displacements respectively. Seven surveys were carried out: February and July 2008, March and July 2013, August 2014, September 2015 and September 2016. Deformations were predicted, taking into account the general characteristics of an earth fill dam. A comparative evaluation of the results derived from predicted (FEM) and observed deformations shows the differences on average being 20 cm for vertical displacements, and 6 cm for horizontal displacements at the crest. These differences are probably due to the simplifications assumed during the FEM modeling process: critical sections are considered homogeneous along their longitude, and the properties of the materials were established according to the general characteristics of an earth fill dam. These characteristics were taken from the normative and similar studies in the country. This could also be due to the geodetic control points being anchored in the superficial layer of the slope when the construction of the dam was finished.

La educación superior constituye un factor determinante para el desarrollo humano integral. Este estudio analiza la relación entre la educación universitaria y el desarrollo humano en Ecuador durante el período 2010-2020. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, el tipo de estudio es analítico, con diseño documental, basada en fuentes estadísticas oficiales y normativa constitucional. Los resultados muestran una correlación positiva moderada (r=0.609) entre el PIB per cápita y la matrícula universitaria, evidenciando que el crecimiento económico facilita el acceso a la educación superior. Durante 2010-2014, el modelo de crecimiento inclusivo favoreció el aumento de la matrícula (promedio 35.6%) y contribuyó a la mejora del Índice de Desarrollo Humano. Sin embargo, la desaceleración económica 2015-2020 revirtió parcialmente estos avances. Se concluye que el fortalecimiento de la educación superior requiere una visión integral de política pública que articule inversión educativa con políticas de bienestar social y equidad territorial.

Introduction: the evaluation of suicidal ideation in adolescents constitutes a fundamental component in the field of primary care, however, its approach can be difficult due to the limitations inherent to the level of communicative development typical of the youth stage. Objective: to determine, according to their importance, the usefulness of early evaluation scales for suicidal ideation in adolescents. Materials and Methods: a systematic review was carried out where 38 articles with the best level of evidence available were selected from databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, Elsevier, Dialnet, Digital.csic, using the descriptors: evaluation, scales and suicidal ideation in adolescents, under inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the existence of risk factors associated with suicidal ideation in the adolescent population has been identified, where the family environment stands out; however, it is essential to take into consideration that adolescents can manifest warning signs, being the exaggeration of Emotions are one of the most notable indicators, which is why the various scales that show good to excellent reliability and validity values ​​should be applied, such as the DASS-21, Beck, ISO-30 and Plutchik Scales. Discussion: the scales show variable reliability and validity values, the DASS-21 scale has a reliability of ,93 and validity of ,95 in addition to an S:91 % and E:89 %, it is useful in identifying young people at risk of mental health problems, since it addresses the domains of depression, anxiety and stress, on the other hand, the Plutchik scale has a reliability of ,89 and validity of ,86, also with an S: 78 % and E: 79 %, used as form of screening in Ecuador, however, the ISO-30 scale with a reliability of ,84 and validity of ,80, and an S: 81 % and E: 82 %, is the only one that evaluates the five dimensions. Conclusions: it is recommended to use suicidal assessment scales in adolescents with solid reliability and validity, such as the DASS-21, ISO-30, Plutchik, Beck, in order to obtain an early assessment of the psychological state of adolescents at risk of suicide ideation.

Emerging low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are gaining prominence in geosciences and surveying engineering, finding application in diverse positioning research endeavors. The primary aim of this study was to assess the structural integrity using low-cost GNSS technology, whose usability has advanced significantly. The fundamental premise of the research is the assumption that the lifespan of the dam has reached its end in accordance with international regulations. Over a span of four years and across multiple campaigns, a combination of low-cost GNSS, high precision leveling data, and Finite Element Modeling techniques were employed to monitor deformations at the Sanalona dam. A notable deformation was identified at the central curtain of the dam. Utilizing low-cost GNSS equipment, horizontal deformations of up to 10 cm and vertical deformations of up to 30 cm were recorded. These values do not jeopardize the operational objectives of the dam as per the stipulations of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The Sanalona Dam continues to operate effectively within the bounds of international regulations, even when subjected to extraordinary phenomena. The findings of this study hold relevance for the wider adoption of low-cost GNSS equipment in civil engineering structures and other demanding geodetic applications, including historic infrastructures. Moreover, the study underscores the viability of conducting precise dam surveys utilizing low-cost GNSS devices in campaign mode.

El presente artículo analiza la tensión jurídica entre la potestad reglada y el principio de proporcionalidad en los procesos de destitución del personal académico en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). El objetivo general consistió en fundamentar la prevalencia del principio de proporcionalidad como un límite infranqueable a la aplicación mecánica de sanciones expulsivas, garantizando la justicia material en el ámbito administrativo. La metodología empleada se adscribió a un enfoque cualitativo de corte jurídico-dogmático, utilizando la revisión documental sistemática y el análisis de contenido como principales estrategias para la recolección de datos. Entre los principales hallazgos, se destaca que la validez de un acto administrativo sancionador no depende únicamente de su legalidad formal, sino de la superación de la triple exigencia técnica: idoneidad, necesidad y proporcionalidad en sentido estricto. Se concluye que la administración universitaria tiene el deber de motivar la razonabilidad de la sanción de destitución, evitando que la rigidez de la norma reglada aniquile el contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales del docente y la estabilidad necesaria para la autonomía universitaria.

El sector de la construcción en Cuba se encuentra en un momento de transformación importante, en el que la implementación de tecnologías avanzadas se está convirtiendo en una necesidad para mejorar la eficiencia, calidad y seguridad en la ejecución de proyectos de construcción. La metodología BIM (Building Information Modeling) se presenta como una herramienta clave para el desarrollo y éxito de la industria. Esta investigación está orientada a la solución de una problemática de naturaleza profesión y tecnológica, pues se propone conocer el estado actual que manifiesta la aplicación de la metodología BIM en el sector empresarial de la construcción de la provincia Holguín. Para resolver está problemática se llevó a cabo un diagnóstico sustentado en indicadores de referencia internacional que posibilitaron la construcción de matrices DAFO diagnósticas y revelar el nivel de implementación de la metodología BIM en las empresas de la construcción seleccionadas como muestra. La consecución del objetivo propuesto fue posible gracias a la implementación de métodos de la investigación científica de nivel técnico, empírico y matemático estadístico.