Objective Psychiatric diagnoses of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the severity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of the patients and their primary caregivers, and the effects of these factors on treatment were investigated. Methods Sixty‐one patients with T1DM were included in the study along with their parents. Psychiatric diagnoses of the patients were determined using a semi‐structured psychiatric interview, and their depression and ADHD symptom severities were evaluated with self‐report scales. The ADHD symptom severities of the parents were evaluated using self‐report scales. The relationships among the psychiatric symptoms and the HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels of the patients were investigated. Results HbA1c levels were found to correlate with the hyperactivity levels of children and the number of diagnoses they had. FBG and PBG values of patients diagnosed with ADHD were found to be higher than in those who did not have ADHD. HbA1c, FBG, and PBG values of the patients who had any disruptive behavior disorder were found to be higher than in those who did not. ADHD total scores, gender (being female), having diagnoses of ADHD or depression were found to be predictive of HbA1c levels according to the regression analyses. No relationship between the clinical findings of the children and their parents’ ADHD levels was found. Conclusions The findings of this study implicate that children with T1DM should be evaluated in terms of ADHD which could have negative effects on the treatment.

Febrile seizure (FS) is the most frequent seizure disorder in childhood, associated with rapid onset of high fever. Our study aims are (1) to determine if the levels of mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are risk factors for FS and to (2) assess the usefulness of these markers as predictors to distinguish the subgroups of FS. This prospective study includes children with FS, acute febrile illness (AFI) without seizure, and control group. Complete blood count was performed on all participants. The following data were obtained: white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, MPV, hemoglobin (Hb), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and NLR. MPV, WBC, ANC, and NLR were significantly increased in patients with AFI and FS compared with controls (p < 0.05). When patients with FS and AFI were compared, only WBC was increased significantly in patients with FS (p < 0.05). WBC, ANC, and NLR were significantly increased in patients with complex FS compared with simple (p < 0.05). Our findings showed that WBC, MPV, ANC, and NLR were higher in children with FS than in the control group. Additionally WBC, ANC, and NLR were found to be higher in children with CFS than in those with simple febrile seizure. Based on the study results, we suggest that only WBC may be used as predictors in children with FS. Our study had some limitations, such as small sample size of patients with CFS, and cytokine levels were not measured. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of children included in the study.

Background: The inability to ensure adequate nutrition for patients, and failure to provide adequate calorie and protein intake, result in malnutrition, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The present study assesses the two approaches to enteral nutrition—intermittent and continuous enteral feeding—in critically ill pediatric patients in Türkiye to determine the superiority of one method over the other. Methods: Included in this multicenter prospective study were patients receiving enteral nutrition via a tube who were followed up over a 3-month period. Anthropometric data, calorie and protein intake, and signs of feeding intolerance were evaluated in a comparison of the different feeding methods. Results: A total of 510 patients were examined. In the continuous enteral feeding (CEF) group, 20.2% of patients developed metabolic abnormalities, and 49.5% experienced enteral nutrition intolerance, both of which were higher than in the intermittent enteral feeding (IEF) group, and the differences were statistically significant. No significant differences were observed between the two feeding methods in terms of reaching the target calorie intake on days 2 and 7 (p > 0.05). On day 7, there were significant differences between the two feeding methods in terms of calorie and protein intake (p = 0.023 and 0.014, respectively). Conclusions: In the present study, assessing the IEF and CEF approaches to enteral nutrition, critically ill pediatric patients receiving intermittent feeding exhibited lower rates of enteral nutrition intolerance and metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, the calorie and protein intake on day 7 were noted to be higher in the IEF group than in the CEF group. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings of the present study.

Aim: This study aims to determine the anxiety levels of the parents of patients admitted to the pediatric emergency clinic due to febrile convulsion, and to evaluate factors that may affect anxiety levels. In addition, it is aimed to investigate the effect of the febrile convulsion on parents' behavior and emotional status in order to improve our attitude towards parents in the future. Materials-Methods: The study was done at Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Faculty Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department between February 2017 and September 2018 with febril convulsion and fever were included in this study. The patients were evaluated in two groups as those with febril convulsion and those who complained of fever only. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to determine the level of anxiety of parents. Results: Of the patients included in the study, 323 (48.6%) were admitted with febril convulsion and 341 (51.4%) with fever complaints. When compared to the mean of the state anxiety score and the trait anxiety score between the groups, it was found that the mean of the state anxiety score was statistically higher in the febrile convulsion group than the non-seizure fever group (p=0.001), while the trait anxiety score was also high in the febril convulsion group, but no statistical significance was found between the non-seizure fever group (p>0,05). When the anxiety level of parents was examined according to the number of seizures of the patients in the febril convulsion group, it was found that the parents of patients with their first seizures were statistically significantly higher than their parents with multiple seizures (p=0.007, p=0.001). No statistical significance was found between the education level of the parents and their anxiety scores (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Parents of patients who have applied to health institutions with a fever complaint, providing fever and febrile convulsion training, explaining the first interventions to the patient who has a seizure, and raising awareness of the families reduce parents' worries and fears.

We aimed to determine the distribution of frequency of respiratory viruses detected in nasopharyngeal swab samples of patients under 5 years of age, who were hospitalized in the inpatient unit of pediatric emergency department during last year, by seasons, age and clinical findings. Hospitalization files of the patients were examined retrospectively. Patients’ age, gender, admission complaint, physical examination findings, season they admitted, need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of hospital stay and result of nasopharyngeal swab viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were recorded. When results of the nasopharyngeal swab viral PCR of the patients were examined, it was determined that no virus was isolated in 43 (26.5%) patients and in 119 (73.5%), however, at least one virus was isolated. Of these 119 patients; only one virus was detected in 82 (68.9%) and two or more viruses in 37 (31.1%). It was observed that 87 (53.7%) did not receive any antibiotics and 75 (46.3%) patients were treated with one or more antibiotics. Early detection of viral pathogens is thought to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use, control of antibiotic resistance, shorten hospital stay and decrease treatment costs.