Based on the historical background of the changes made to the grassland property rights system, the first part of this study restores the changes in property rights systems in six major autonomous counties of grassland animal husbandry production in Qinghai region, while the second part qualitatively analyzes the changes in grassland animal husbandry operations and herdsmen’s life under the changes in property rights. The results show that, with the reform of the property rights system, the range of livestock grazing has changed from large-scale nomadic grazing to regional rotational grazing. The herds are mainly yaks and Tibetan sheep, accounting for more than 90%, with the proportion of Tibetan sheep being higher than that of yaks. The numbers of total livestock and those on the market first rose and then declined, showing a dynamic balance in recent 10 years, while the number of breeding female animals has increased year by year. Artificial grass planting has gradually become popularized in pastoral areas. The time span of livestock supplementary feeding has increased and is more scientific, and the output value of animal husbandry has increased year by year, showing a strong peak associated with intensification. The proportion of the population engaged in animal husbandry has decreased gradually with increasing population in the region. The income sources of herdsmen have become more and more diversified and are increasing year by year, and the Engel coefficient presents a downward trend. The human environment in pastoral areas has improved. Based on the above analysis, suggestions for the sustainable and high-quality production of animal husbandry under the current grassland property rights system are put forward, as well as for the construction of green organic agricultural and livestock product export land in Qinghai Province.

Introduction: Green total factor productivity (GTFP) is an important index to evaluate the construction of ecological civilization in China. Discussion on GTFP of prairie livestock breeding is helpful to promote the green sustainable development of animal husbandry and ensure national food security and ecological security. Methods: Based on the panel data of six minority autonomous prefectures in Qinghai Province from 2010 to 2024, this paper constructs a measurement system of GTFP of grassland animal husbandry, measures and decomposes it by EBM-GML model, and then discusses the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of GTFP of grassland animal husbandry by using kernel density estimation and Markov chain methods. Results: The results are as follows:1. Although the GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province shows a slow upward trend, the overall level is still low and has obvious stage fluctuation characteristics. 2. The spatial distribution of GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province presents a pattern of “high in the north and low in the south, strong in the west and weak in the east”. The development among regions is unbalanced, and the main factor promoting its growth is attributed to TP. 3. The GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province shows the trend of “overall slow improvement and internal accelerated differentiation” in time evolution, and there is a significant evolution feature of “club convergence” in space evolution. In addition, the promotion of GTFP is the result of many factors. Discussion: In the future, we should improve the GTFP of grassland animal husbandry in Qinghai Province by implementing differentiated regional development strategies, promoting the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation machines, and strengthening inter-regional cooperation, so as to contribute Qinghai wisdom to the construction of ecological civilization in China.