Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a promising oilseed crop with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. Understanding the oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower germplasm is crucial for breeding programs aimed at enhancing its agronomic and nutritional traits. This study assessed the oil content and fatty acid composition in 87 safflower accessions. Significant variations were observed, with the oil content ranging from 36.88% to 18.44%. Genotype Egypt 1 exhibited the highest oil content. Among fatty acids, China 1 had the highest myristic acid (0.170%) content, while Remzibey had the lowest (0.100%). Palmitic acid ranged from 6.13% to 8.20%, with Egypt 3 and Bangladesh 3 at the extremes. For palmitoleic acid, Jordan 5 had the highest content (0.53%) and Bangladesh 2/Portugal 2 the lowest (0.03%). Linoleic acid varied from 37.7% (China 7) to 77.73% (Iran 1). A correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations between protein and oil content, as well as between palmitic and myristic acids, and between palmitic and linoleic acids. Conversely, protein exhibited highly negative correlations with myristic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. The protein percentage showed a high heritability but a low genetic advance, while palmitic acid, oil percentage, stearic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid showed a high heritability and a moderate genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. These findings can aid in developing cultivars with enhanced fatty acids, oil quality, and nutritional value, facilitating sustainable production for a wide range of industrial applications.

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value of some selected peanut varieties and line in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute of Adana, Turkey. The peanut varieties used were Gazipasa, Sultan, NC7, Cihangir, and Halisbey; while the peanut line was DA335/2011. The chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the selected peanut varieties and line were determined through Hohenheim in vitro gas production technique. Incubation times for Hohenheim gas production technique were 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The analysis of variance (General Linear Model) was carried out using the SPSS package program. The differences among groups in terms of nutrient contents were found to be significant (P 0.05).

Bu araştırma Çukurova koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek uygun yerfıstığı genotipleriningeliştirilmesi, bazıtarımsal özelliklerin belirlenmesi ve verime etkisini araştırmak amacı ile 2014 yılında ana ürün yetiştirme döneminde Adana ve Osmaniye lokasyonlarında yürütülmüştür. Adana lokasyonu, Doğu AkdenizTarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Doğankent işletmesinde, Osmaniye lokasyonu iseYağ Bitkileri Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Denemelerde araştırma materyali olarak Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde yürütülen ıslah çalışmaları sonucu ümitvar görülen 8 çeşit adayı (ICGV-88365, 2012-609-1, 75/1073-B, M-44-A, ANT-1, ICGV-99085, ICGV-00391 ve 70/1145-1/03) ile 4 çeşit (ÇOM, NC-7, HALİS BEY ve SULTAN) olmak üzere toplam 12 adet Virginia tipi Yerfıstığı genotipi kullanılmıştır. Denemeler, Tesadüf Blokları deneme desenine göre, 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada, meyvesayısı/bitki(adet), meyveağırlığı/bitki (adet), kabuk iç oranı (%), yağ oranı (%), meyve verimi (kg/da) ve yağ verimi(kg/da) gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada dekara meyve verimleri 428.3 ile 252.5 kg/da arasında değişmiş olup en yüksek meyve verimi ANT-1 genotipinden elde edilmiş, en düşük meyve verimi ise M-44-A genotipinden elde edilmiştir. Yerfıstığı çeşitlerinin yağ içerikleri %50.9 ile 47.2 arasında değişmiş olup en yüksek yağ içeriği ICGV-88365 ve 70/1145-1/03 genotiplerinden ve en düşük yağ içeriği ise M-44-A genotipinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yağ verimi bakımından istatitiki açıdan aynı gruba giren ÇOM, ANT-1, 2012-609-1, 70/1145-1/03, ICGV-99085 ve HALİS BEY genotipleri Çukurova koşulları için önerilebilecek genotipler olduğu söylenebilir.

A field trial was initiated to ascertain the optimal sowing date for five distinct sunflower cultivars in Turkey’s Mardin Province. The trial scrutinised various parameters including plant height, head diameter, seed yield, protein content, oil content and oil yield. The first sowing produced the highest seed yields (3484 kg ha−1), with the Şems (3255 kg ha−1) and Zuhat (3157 kg ha−1) cultivars producing the highest values. The highest overall oil content was achieved in the second sowing (31.7%) and in the Zuhat cultivar (34.6%). The highest mean oil yields were observed in the Zuhat cultivar (1096 kg ha−1) and in the first sowing (1084 kg ha−1). There was a general decrease in yield as the sowing date was delayed. Winter sowing is suggested for the Zuhat cultivar. If possible, the second sunflower crop should be sown shortly following the harvest of the main crop.

Sunflower production in the world is expending towards marginal areas, along with rapid changes in cultural practises like no-till planting and weed management. The frequency and severity of abiotic constraints also rise as a result of climate change. Helianthus annuus is well-known for its adaptability to a wide range of agronomic conditions, by its robust root system that is capable of absobing water from deeper soils. However, water stress lowers grain yields and fatty acid content with complex phenotypic, physiological and biochemical signs. In this study which was carried out to develop parental lines tolerant or high-tolerant to drought, physiological screenings were carried out on 8 sunflower genotypes. Genotypes were planted in pots in a greenhouse and grown at three different irrigation levels (I100, I66 and I33). The genotypes were watered together until they reached the 6-8 leaf stage. Then, each genotype was managed and irrigated solely. Number of days between sowing and floweing days, number of days between sowing and number of days between sowing and number of days to transfer the embryo to the nutrient medium, plant height, head diameter, number of seeds in the head was between 52-67 days; 65-80 days; 50-200 cm; 3.0-13.0 cm; 25-500 pieces, respectively. Plant weight, plant high, root length, number of leaf, nnmber of days from transplant to glasshouse, number of days from transplant to field was between 0.22-0.45 g; 2.09-4.62 cm; 1.70-5.27 cm; 3.60-5.87 pieces; 5 or 6 days; 10-12 days, respectively. In the experiments, it was found that two and a half generations could be achieved in one year. The genotypes K26-33 and K78-100 are located closest to the center as the most ideal genotypes in terms of the examined characteristics. In the MS environment, in terms of the characteristics examined, the genotypes K105-100, K78-100, K105-66, K26-100 and K1-100 were the preferred genotypes as they are located close to the center.