The association between breastfeeding and the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and food allergy (FA) in offspring remains inconclusive. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential relationships between various patterns and durations of breastfeeding and allergic diseases in offspring. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, WOS databases, and Google Scholar for observational studies published up to March 30, 2023, that investigated the link between breastfeeding and allergies in offspring. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated employing an appropriate model based on the degree of heterogeneity. A total of 68 studies, encompassing 772,142 children, were ultimately included. The findings indicated that breastfeeding for more than 6 months was associated with a reduced risk of AR (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.98) but posed a risk for FA (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.25). Exclusive breastfeeding exhibited a protective effect against AR (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.97), whereas non-breastfeeding was identified as a risk factor for AR (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.12). No significant association was observed between breastfeeding patterns and FA. Conclusion: Breastfeeding for more than 6 months proves to be an effective preventive measure against AR. However, large prospective high-quality studies are needed to investigate the potential risk of FA in children with prolonged breastfeeding. What is Known:• The impact of breastfeeding on allergic rhinitis and food allergy in offspring is controversial.• Previous meta-analyses fail to prove the effect of breastfeeding on food allergy in offspring of all ages. What is New:• Breastfeeding for more than 6 months proves to be an effective preventive measure against AR. However, it potentially elevates the risk of FA in children. Non-breastfeeding is linked to an increased risk of AR in children, but there is no evidence of an association between breastfeeding patterns and FA in children.• The impact of breastfeeding on allergic rhinitis and food allergy in offspring may vary with the time and pattern of breastfeeding.

Background: Necroptosis and inflammation are closely related to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Acteoside (AC), a natural phenylpropanoid glycoside from Kuding Tea, has significant anti-RSV effect. However, the roles of AC on RSV-induced lung necroptosis and inflammation are yet to be elucidated.Methods: The effects of AC were investigated in BALB/c mice and A549 cells. Lung histopathology was observed through H&E staining. The viral titer was assessed via plaque assay. The RSV-F expression was determined by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assay. The levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The necroptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated via flow cytometry. The expressions of HMGB1/NF-κB and RIP1/RIP3/MLKL/PGAM5/DRP1 were detected by western blot. Additionally, untargeted metabolomics was conducted to investigate the metabolic profiles and related metabolic pathways via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Results: The results showed that compared with the RSV-infected group, AC treatment significantly attenuated lung pathological damage, virus replication, and cytokines levels. AC also alleviated RSV-induced necroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, AC treatment down-regulated the expression of HMGB1, p-Iκbα/Iκbα, p-p65/p65, RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, PGAM5, and DRP1. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses suggested that the perturbations in major metabolites of AC therapy were related to variations in amino acid and energy metabolism.Conclusion: Our findings validated the beneficial effects of AC in suppressing necroptosis and regulating metabolism, suggesting AC may be a new drug candidate for RSV infection.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, the diagnosis and treatment of MDD are major clinical issues. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers and drugs diagnosis and therapeutics of MDD. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis combined with an experimental verification strategy was used to identify biomarkers and paeoniflorin targets for MDD diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Based on network pharmacology, we obtained potential targets and pathways of paeoniflorin as an antidepressant through multiple databases. We then constructed a protein-protein interaction network and performed enrichment analyses. According to the results, we performed in vivo and in vitro experimental validation.Results: The results showed that paeoniflorin may exert an antidepressant effect by regulating cell inflammation, synaptic function, NF-κB signaling pathway, and intestinal inflammation.Conclusion: NPM1, HSPA8, HSPA5, HNRNPU, and TNF are the targets of paeoniflorin treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that paeoniflorin inhibits inflammatory cytokine production via the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway and has neuroprotective effects on the synaptic structure. Our findings provide valuable evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is key in allergic diseases, tumor immunity, and autoimmune regulation. In recent years, the mechanism of action of drugs in SIT has attracted much attention, including the induction of hypersensitivity responses and modulation of immune tolerance. However, scientific challenges remain regarding their mechanism of action and optimization strategies. Studies on pharmacological SIT have been accumulated in the past, and there is an urgent need for bibliometric analyses to review and prospect these results for future academic development. Strict search criteria were developed to screen and download literature information from the Web of Science Core Collection. Six elements of the included literature were analyzed and visualized using Citespace, VOSviewer software, and the Bibliometrix package. A total of 682 publications related to the drug SIT were included in this study. The growth trend in the number of publications is evident and entering a new phase with great potential for the future, with the highest total number of citations in 1998. The countries and institutions with the most publications were the USA and the University of Genoa. The author who contributed the most to the field was Incorvaia, Cristoforo. Moreover, Bousquet J was the most influential author. Allergy was considered the leading core source journal, and the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology is the most influential. The reference with the highest outbreak intensity is Roberts G, 2018, Allergy, V73, P765, https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13317. The analysis of the keywords by the various metrics shows that the research hotspot is the tumor-associated SIT, the cutting-edge topic is the mechanism of action of the drug AIT, and the respiratory SIT application is the cutting-edge hot issue. Drug SIT has made good progress with the joint participation of global research institutions, scientists, and various journals. However, cooperation and communication are weak, and it is necessary to build a new cooperation mode to promote the globalization of research results. We have found the research hotspots and cutting-edge issues in this field, which will guide us to make breakthroughs in a more precise direction and play the important role of drug safety in safeguarding human life and health.

Background: Multiple regimens have been widely used in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. However, there is a lack of comparison and evaluation of their effectiveness in different regions of the world.Methods: Randomized controlled trials were retrieved. Review Manager 5.4, Stata SE 15 and R 4.0.4 statistical software were used to analyze date. The ranking probability is assessed according to the surfaces under cumulative ranking (SUCRA).Results: 163 studies were eligible for this study, involving 336 arms and 18,257 children, and 10 different interventions. The results showed that the eradication rates of sequential therapy with probiotics (SP), bismuth-containing quadruple (Quadruple) therapy, concomitant therapy and PCN therapy were at least 90%. Cumulative ranking showed that SP therapy had the best eradication effect (SUCRA 92.7%) whereas Bismuth-containing triple therapy (B) had the worst (SUCRA 3.5%). Subgroup analysis suggested that SP therapy ranked first in China and other regions, and the ranking of Triple therapy with probiotics therapy (TP) was equally stable (SUCRA 72.0% vs 76.4% respectively). The security of the SP and TP therapy had great advantages.Conclusions: As for the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, SP therapy ranks highest. SP and TP therapies are most safe.

Obesity in children and adolescents has become a serious global public health problem and is closely associated with a range of metabolic diseases. Copper and zinc, as important trace elements, play important roles in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, respectively. An imbalance in the copper-to-zinc ratio may be associated with obesity, but its relationship with obesity in children and adolescents has not been fully explored. The present study explored and revealed the association between the two. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2016, including 1730 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years. First, the baseline characteristics of all participants were compared. Subsequently, the association between serum copper-zinc ratio and overweight/obesity was explored by multivariate logistic regression modeling. Next, five subgroup analyses were conducted for gender, age, race, household income, and smoking. Finally, threshold effects were assessed using restricted cubic spline regression analysis and segmented regression modeling. Serum copper-zinc ratio was significantly and positively associated with overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, suggesting a potential relationship (OR = 3.06; 95% CI 2.41–3.92; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that the correlations were generally stable and consistent, with significant interactions for race and family income. The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased progressively with increasing copper-zinc ratios. However, this trend was nonlinear, clarifying that a serum copper-zinc ratio of 1.561 was a significant inflection point in this nonlinear relationship. This study explores the association between serum copper-zinc ratio and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, revealing a nonlinear relationship and its threshold effect. As a measure of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism imbalance, the serum copper-zinc ratio may become a new tool for obesity risk assessment. Given its close association with obesity, the serum copper-zinc ratio should be incorporated into child and adolescent health management for early intervention in the future.