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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most poisonous known biological substances, and therefore the availability of reliable, easy-to use tools for BoNT detection are important goals for food safety and human and animal health. The reference method for toxin detection and identification is the mouse bioassay (MBA). An EndoPep-MS method for BoNT differentiation has been developed based on mass spectrometry. We have validated and implemented the EndoPep-MS method on a Bruker MALDI Biotyper for the detection of BoNT/C and D serotypes. The method was extensively validated using experimentally and naturally contaminated samples comparing the results with those obtained with the MBA. Overall, the limit of detection (LoD) for both C and D toxins were less than or equal to two mouse lethal dose 50 (mLD50) per 500 µL for all tested matrices with the exception of feces spiked with BoNT/C which showed signals not-related to specific peptide fragments. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 100% (95% CI: 87.66–100%), 96.08% (95% CI: 86.54–99.52%), and 93.33% (95% CI: 78.25–98.20%), respectively, and accuracy was 97.47% (95% CI: 91.15–99.69%). In conclusion, the tests carried out showed that the EndoPep-MS method, initially developed using more powerful mass spectrometers, can be applied to the Bruker MALDI Biotyper instrument with excellent results including for detection of the proteolytic activity of BoNT/C, BoNT/D, BoNT/CD, and BoNT/DC toxins.
Ilenia Drigo; Elena Tonon; Simone Pascoletti; Fabrizio Anniballi; Suzanne R. Kalb; Luca Bano. Detection of Active BoNT/C and D by EndoPep-MS Using MALDI Biotyper Instrument and Comparison with the Mouse Test Bioassay. Toxins 2020, 13, 10 .
AMA StyleIlenia Drigo, Elena Tonon, Simone Pascoletti, Fabrizio Anniballi, Suzanne R. Kalb, Luca Bano. Detection of Active BoNT/C and D by EndoPep-MS Using MALDI Biotyper Instrument and Comparison with the Mouse Test Bioassay. Toxins. 2020; 13 (1):10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlenia Drigo; Elena Tonon; Simone Pascoletti; Fabrizio Anniballi; Suzanne R. Kalb; Luca Bano. 2020. "Detection of Active BoNT/C and D by EndoPep-MS Using MALDI Biotyper Instrument and Comparison with the Mouse Test Bioassay." Toxins 13, no. 1: 10.
Intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e., Clostridium botulinum or strains of Clostridium butyricum type E or Clostridium baratii type F) have replicated and produced botulinum neurotoxin. Infection of a wound with C. botulinum and in situ production of botulinum neurotoxin leads to wound botulism. Colonization of the intestine by neurotoxigenic clostridia, with consequent production of botulinum toxin in the intestine, leads to intestinal toxemia botulism. When this occurs in an infant, it is referred to as infant botulism, whereas in adults or children over 1 year of age, it is intestinal colonization botulism. Predisposing factors for intestinal colonization in children or adults include previous bowel or gastric surgery, anatomical bowel abnormalities, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, antimicrobial therapy, or foodborne botulism. Intestinal colonization botulism is confirmed by detection of botulinum toxin in serum and/or stool, or isolation of neurotoxigenic clostridia from the stool, without finding a toxic food. Shedding of neurotoxigenic clostridia in the stool may occur for a period of several weeks. Adult intestinal botulism occurs as isolated cases, and may go undiagnosed, contributing to the low reported incidence of this rare disease.
Richard A. Harris; Fabrizio Anniballi; John W. Austin. Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism. Toxins 2020, 12, 81 .
AMA StyleRichard A. Harris, Fabrizio Anniballi, John W. Austin. Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard A. Harris; Fabrizio Anniballi; John W. Austin. 2020. "Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism." Toxins 12, no. 2: 81.
Cédric Woudstra; Caroline Le Maréchal; Rozenn Souillard; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Luca Bano; Marie-Hélène Bayon-Auboyer; Miriam Koene; Isabelle Mermoud; Roseane B. Brito; Francisco C.F. Lobato; Rodrigo O.S. Silva; Martin B. Dorner; Patrick Fach. Erratum to “Investigation of Clostridium botulinum group III's mobilome content” [Anaerobe 49 (2018) 71–77]. Anaerobe 2019, 57, 117 .
AMA StyleCédric Woudstra, Caroline Le Maréchal, Rozenn Souillard, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Luca Bano, Marie-Hélène Bayon-Auboyer, Miriam Koene, Isabelle Mermoud, Roseane B. Brito, Francisco C.F. Lobato, Rodrigo O.S. Silva, Martin B. Dorner, Patrick Fach. Erratum to “Investigation of Clostridium botulinum group III's mobilome content” [Anaerobe 49 (2018) 71–77]. Anaerobe. 2019; 57 ():117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCédric Woudstra; Caroline Le Maréchal; Rozenn Souillard; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Luca Bano; Marie-Hélène Bayon-Auboyer; Miriam Koene; Isabelle Mermoud; Roseane B. Brito; Francisco C.F. Lobato; Rodrigo O.S. Silva; Martin B. Dorner; Patrick Fach. 2019. "Erratum to “Investigation of Clostridium botulinum group III's mobilome content” [Anaerobe 49 (2018) 71–77]." Anaerobe 57, no. : 117.
Botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease that can affect humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes, is caused by exotoxins produced by ubiquitous, obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium and named botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing clostridia. This report presents the case of a 3-year-old donkey mare referred for progressive and worsening dysphagia of four days’ duration. Her voluntary effort in eating and drinking was conserved, and she was able to slow chew without swallowing. A complete neurological examination was performed, and botulism was strongly suspected. The ability to swallow feed and water returned on the tenth day of hospitalization and improved progressively. The jenny was discharged from the hospital after fifteen days. During the hospitalization, the Italian National Reference Centre for Botulism confirmed the diagnosis: mare’s feces were positive for BoNT/B and Clostridium botulinum type B.
Aliai Lanci; Riccardo Rinnovati; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Concetta Scalfaro; Marika Menchetti; Alessandro Spadari; Jole Mariella. The First Case of Botulism in a Donkey. Veterinary Sciences 2019, 6, 43 .
AMA StyleAliai Lanci, Riccardo Rinnovati, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Concetta Scalfaro, Marika Menchetti, Alessandro Spadari, Jole Mariella. The First Case of Botulism in a Donkey. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6 (2):43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAliai Lanci; Riccardo Rinnovati; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Concetta Scalfaro; Marika Menchetti; Alessandro Spadari; Jole Mariella. 2019. "The First Case of Botulism in a Donkey." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2: 43.
Valeria Mariano; Alberigo Nardi; Sandra Gradassi; Paola De Santis; Fabrizio Anniballi; Stefano Bilei; Francesco Scholl; Bruna Auricchio; Carla Bielli; Massimo Culicchi; Giuseppe Luca Casali De Rosa. A severe outbreak of botulism in cattle in Central Italy. Vet. Ital. 2019, 55, 57 -62.
AMA StyleValeria Mariano, Alberigo Nardi, Sandra Gradassi, Paola De Santis, Fabrizio Anniballi, Stefano Bilei, Francesco Scholl, Bruna Auricchio, Carla Bielli, Massimo Culicchi, Giuseppe Luca Casali De Rosa. A severe outbreak of botulism in cattle in Central Italy. Vet. Ital.. 2019; 55 (1):57-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Mariano; Alberigo Nardi; Sandra Gradassi; Paola De Santis; Fabrizio Anniballi; Stefano Bilei; Francesco Scholl; Bruna Auricchio; Carla Bielli; Massimo Culicchi; Giuseppe Luca Casali De Rosa. 2019. "A severe outbreak of botulism in cattle in Central Italy." Vet. Ital. 55, no. 1: 57-62.
Foodborne botulism is a life-threatening disease caused by the ingestion of food containing preformed botulinum neurotoxins, the most potent natural poisons known to humans. On the basis of the new challenges in management of the diseases as well as considering the potential use of botulinum toxins as biological weapons, foodborne botulism is still considered a public health emergency. Each suspected case should be immediately notified to public health authorities with the aim of preparing a prompt response. With the aim of improving botulism surveillance systems, health authorities as well as governmental organizations should enhance national and international cooperation. Education and training activities devoted to operators involved in the disease management, and to general population, may significantly contribute to strengthen the system.
Concetta Scalfaro; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Fabrizio Anniballi. Foodborne botulism: an evolving public health challenge. Infectious Diseases 2018, 51, 97 -101.
AMA StyleConcetta Scalfaro, Bruna Auricchio, Dario De Medici, Fabrizio Anniballi. Foodborne botulism: an evolving public health challenge. Infectious Diseases. 2018; 51 (2):97-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleConcetta Scalfaro; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Fabrizio Anniballi. 2018. "Foodborne botulism: an evolving public health challenge." Infectious Diseases 51, no. 2: 97-101.
This report describes an outbreak of botulism occurred among a free-living population of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and geese (Anser anser) in an urban park. Mortality rate among investigated population was 86,8% (118 dead out of 136). Twenty-seven carcasses were collected for macroscopic examination and screened for microbiological, virological, toxicological investigations. A sick mallard was captured and neurological symptoms were observed. No causative agent of viral avian diseases was found in the examined animals and screening for environmental neurotoxic substances proved negative as well. In contrast, microbiological cultures from specimens tested positive for botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Blood serum and fecal extract of the sick mallard proved positive for botulinum neurotoxin in the standard mouse protection test using reference Clostridium botulinum type C antitoxin. Gene content of cultured strains showed a mosaic composition of bont/C and bont/D sequences, defining them as type C/D chimeric organisms.
Pietro Badagliacca; Francesco Pomilio; Bruna Auricchio; Anna Franca Sperandii; Andrea Di Provvido; Mauro Di Ventura; Giacomo Migliorati; Mario Caudullo; Daniela Morelli; Fabrizio Anniballi. Type C/D botulism in the waterfowl in an urban park in Italy. Anaerobe 2018, 54, 72 -74.
AMA StylePietro Badagliacca, Francesco Pomilio, Bruna Auricchio, Anna Franca Sperandii, Andrea Di Provvido, Mauro Di Ventura, Giacomo Migliorati, Mario Caudullo, Daniela Morelli, Fabrizio Anniballi. Type C/D botulism in the waterfowl in an urban park in Italy. Anaerobe. 2018; 54 ():72-74.
Chicago/Turabian StylePietro Badagliacca; Francesco Pomilio; Bruna Auricchio; Anna Franca Sperandii; Andrea Di Provvido; Mauro Di Ventura; Giacomo Migliorati; Mario Caudullo; Daniela Morelli; Fabrizio Anniballi. 2018. "Type C/D botulism in the waterfowl in an urban park in Italy." Anaerobe 54, no. : 72-74.
The study was focused on P. fluorescens strains isolated from Mozzarella cheese, with the aim of evaluating the effects of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) on the biofilm formation and eradication, as well as on the motility and blue pigment production at 10°C. Microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of the OEO, which ranged between 10 and 40 μl ml−1. In vitro studies demonstrated that a sub-lethal concentration of OEO influenced not only P. fluorescens growth and motility, but also the capability to form biofilm and, in a lower degree, the biofilm eradication at 10°C. Analysis by confocal microscopy revealed a dramatic reduction of biofilm formation and thickness, with scattered damage or death of cells, stained by propidium iodide. In addition, a concentration of 5 μl ml−1 of OEO affected the motility of the cells, and in particular their ability to swim. However, the essential oil did not inhibit the blue pigment production by any of the tested strains. The present findings suggest that oregano essential oil inhibits the biofilm formation of P. fluorescens strains and alters their motility. Moreover, in the pre-formed biofilm, OEO contributes to the detachment of the cells, deteriorating the architecture of the biofilm and reducing its thickness. The Origanum vulgare L. essential oil was revealed as a promising agent against biofilm formation and for its detaching; these results suggest that oregano EO could be used in the dairy food industry to control biofilm formation, as an alternative, or in combination with conventional sanitizers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Chiara Rossi; Clemencia Chaves‐López; Annalisa Serio; Fabrizio Anniballi; Luca Valbonetti; Antonello Paparella. Effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil on biofilm formation and motility capacity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains isolated from discoloured Mozzarella cheese. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2018, 124, 1220 -1231.
AMA StyleChiara Rossi, Clemencia Chaves‐López, Annalisa Serio, Fabrizio Anniballi, Luca Valbonetti, Antonello Paparella. Effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil on biofilm formation and motility capacity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains isolated from discoloured Mozzarella cheese. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2018; 124 (5):1220-1231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Rossi; Clemencia Chaves‐López; Annalisa Serio; Fabrizio Anniballi; Luca Valbonetti; Antonello Paparella. 2018. "Effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil on biofilm formation and motility capacity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains isolated from discoloured Mozzarella cheese." Journal of Applied Microbiology 124, no. 5: 1220-1231.
Clostridium botulinum group III is mainly responsible for botulism in animals. It could lead to high animal mortality rates and, therefore, represents a major environmental and economic concern. Strains of this group harbor the botulinum toxin locus on an unstable bacteriophage. Since the release of the first complete C. botulinum group III genome sequence (strain BKT015925), strains have been found to contain others mobile elements encoding for toxin components. In this study, seven assays targeting toxin genes present on the genetic mobile elements of C. botulinum group III were developed with the objective to better characterize C. botulinum group III strains. The investigation of 110 C. botulinum group III strains and 519 naturally contaminated samples collected during botulism outbreaks in Europe showed alpha-toxin and C2-I/C2-II markers to be systematically associated with type C/D bont-positive samples, which may indicate an important role of these elements in the pathogenicity mechanisms. On the contrary, bont type D/C strains and the related positive samples appeared to contain almost none of the markers tested. Interestingly, 31 bont-negative samples collected on farms after a botulism outbreak revealed to be positive for some of the genetic mobile elements tested. This suggests loss of the bont phage, either in farm environment after the outbreak or during laboratory handling.
Cédric Woudstra; Caroline Le Maréchal; Rozenn Souillard; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Luca Bano; Marie-Hélène Bäyon-Auboyer; Miriam Koene; Isabelle Mermoud; Roseane B. Brito; Francisco C.F. Lobato; Rodrigo O.S. Silva; Martin B. Dorner; Patrick Fach. Investigation of Clostridium botulinum group III's mobilome content. Anaerobe 2018, 49, 71 -77.
AMA StyleCédric Woudstra, Caroline Le Maréchal, Rozenn Souillard, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Luca Bano, Marie-Hélène Bäyon-Auboyer, Miriam Koene, Isabelle Mermoud, Roseane B. Brito, Francisco C.F. Lobato, Rodrigo O.S. Silva, Martin B. Dorner, Patrick Fach. Investigation of Clostridium botulinum group III's mobilome content. Anaerobe. 2018; 49 ():71-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCédric Woudstra; Caroline Le Maréchal; Rozenn Souillard; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Luca Bano; Marie-Hélène Bäyon-Auboyer; Miriam Koene; Isabelle Mermoud; Roseane B. Brito; Francisco C.F. Lobato; Rodrigo O.S. Silva; Martin B. Dorner; Patrick Fach. 2018. "Investigation of Clostridium botulinum group III's mobilome content." Anaerobe 49, no. : 71-77.
Animal botulism is primarily due to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types C, D or their chimeric variants C/D or D/C, produced by Clostridium botulinum group III, which appears to include the genetically indistinguishable Clostridium haemolyticum and Clostridium novyi. In the present study, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) to identify and characterize 81 BoNT-producing Clostridia isolated in 47 episodes of animal botulism. The instrument's default database, containing no entries for Clostridium botulinum, permitted reliable identification of 26 strains at the genus level. Although supplementation of the database with reference strains enhanced the instrument's ability to identify the neurotoxic strains at the genus level, resolution was not sufficient to recognize field strains at species level. Characterization by MALDI TOF confirmed the well-documented phenotypic and genetic differences between Clostridium botulinum strains of serotypes normally implicated in human botulism (A, B, E, F) and other Clostridium species able to produce BoNTs type C and D. The chimeric and non-chimeric field strains grouped separately. In particular, very low similarity was found between two non-chimeric type C field strains isolated in the same outbreak and the other field strains. This difference was comparable with the differences among the various Clostridia species included in the study. Characterization by MALDI TOF confirmed that BoNT-producing Clostridia isolated from animals are closely related and indistinguishable at the species level from Clostridium haemolyticum and Clostridium novyi reference strains. On the contrary, there seem to be substantial differences among chimeric and some non-chimeric type C strains.
Luca Bano; Ilenia Drigo; Elena Tonon; Simone Pascoletti; Cinzia Puiatti; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Florigio Lista; Cesare Montecucco; Fabrizio Agnoletti. Identification and characterization of C lostridium botulinum group III field strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Anaerobe 2017, 48, 126 -134.
AMA StyleLuca Bano, Ilenia Drigo, Elena Tonon, Simone Pascoletti, Cinzia Puiatti, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Florigio Lista, Cesare Montecucco, Fabrizio Agnoletti. Identification and characterization of C lostridium botulinum group III field strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Anaerobe. 2017; 48 ():126-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Bano; Ilenia Drigo; Elena Tonon; Simone Pascoletti; Cinzia Puiatti; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Florigio Lista; Cesare Montecucco; Fabrizio Agnoletti. 2017. "Identification and characterization of C lostridium botulinum group III field strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)." Anaerobe 48, no. : 126-134.
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from milk, dairy products and dairy plants, to produce blue pigment in situ, to form biofilm onto polystyrene surfaces and to perform different types of motility. Molecular identification revealed that, out of 72 Pseudomonas spp. isolates, P. fluorescens was the most common species (50 isolates) followed by P. putida (9), P. koreensis (4), P. brenneri (4), P. aeruginosa (2), P. granadensis (2) and P. veronii (1). The evaluation of blue colour production showed that the pigment was produced at 10 °C but not at 30 °C; in addition this character was strain- and species-dependent, with only 16 P. fluorescens strains showing blue pigment production. Most of the studied strains produced biofilm although with some differences related to the strains and the incubation temperatures. Within the most abundant isolated species (P. fluorescens), about 46%, 34% and 26% of the strains were able to swim, swarm and twitch, respectively. The observed relationship between biofilm formation and blue pigment production in P. fluorescens strains was statistically significant. Since these characteristics may contribute to the persistence of microorganisms in food processing environments and therefore to the contamination of food products, our results may help to focus on the control of the strains involved in the blue discolouration of dairy products.
Chiara Rossi; Annalisa Serio; Clemencia Chaves-López; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Elisa Goffredo; Beniamino Terzo Cenci-Goga; Florigio Lista; Silvia Fillo; Antonello Paparella. Biofilm formation, pigment production and motility in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the dairy industry. Food Control 2017, 86, 241 -248.
AMA StyleChiara Rossi, Annalisa Serio, Clemencia Chaves-López, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Elisa Goffredo, Beniamino Terzo Cenci-Goga, Florigio Lista, Silvia Fillo, Antonello Paparella. Biofilm formation, pigment production and motility in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the dairy industry. Food Control. 2017; 86 ():241-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Rossi; Annalisa Serio; Clemencia Chaves-López; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Elisa Goffredo; Beniamino Terzo Cenci-Goga; Florigio Lista; Silvia Fillo; Antonello Paparella. 2017. "Biofilm formation, pigment production and motility in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the dairy industry." Food Control 86, no. : 241-248.
Botulism is a rare but severe neuroparalytic disease caused by botulinum toxins. Because of its high potential impact on public health, botulism is a closely monitored communicable disease in Europe. In Italy, which has one of the highest incidence rates in Europe (0.03 cases per 100,000 population), botulism is monitored through a case-based passive surveillance system: the front-line physician who diagnoses a suspected case must notify the Local Health Units immediately, and the Ministry of Health's office within 12 hours. From 1986 to 2015, 466 confirmed cases of botulism were recorded in Italy (of 1,257 suspected cases). Of these, 421 were food-borne (the most frequently seen form of botulism due to the consumption of improperly home-canned foods), 36 were infant botulism, which accounts for ca 50% of all these types of cases registered in Europe, six were wound-related and three were due to adult intestinal colonisation. This scenario suggests that stronger efforts should be made towards raising public awareness of the risk of food-borne botulism, especially with respect to home-preserved foods, as well as improving the training of front-line medical personnel, to ensure that a quick and accurate diagnosis of botulism can be made.
Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Alfonsina Fiore; Davide Lonati; Carlo Alessandro Locatelli; Florigio Lista; Silvia Fillo; Giuseppina Mandarino; Dario De Medici. Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015. Eurosurveillance 2017, 22, 30550 .
AMA StyleFabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Alfonsina Fiore, Davide Lonati, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Florigio Lista, Silvia Fillo, Giuseppina Mandarino, Dario De Medici. Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015. Eurosurveillance. 2017; 22 (24):30550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Alfonsina Fiore; Davide Lonati; Carlo Alessandro Locatelli; Florigio Lista; Silvia Fillo; Giuseppina Mandarino; Dario De Medici. 2017. "Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015." Eurosurveillance 22, no. 24: 30550.
Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins having identical sequences may be given different designations or novel toxins having unique sequences may be given the same designations on publication. In order to minimize these problems, an ad hoc committee consisting of over 20 researchers in the field of botulinum neurotoxin research was convened to discuss the clarification of the issues involved in botulinum neurotoxin nomenclature. This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future.
Michael W. Peck; Theresa J. Smith; Fabrizio Anniballi; John W. Austin; Luca Bano; Marite Bradshaw; Paula Cuervo; Luisa W. Cheng; Yagmur Derman; Brigitte G. Dorner; Audrey Fisher; Karen K. Hill; Suzanne R. Kalb; Hannu Korkeala; Miia Lindström; Florigio Lista; Carolina Lúquez; Christelle Mazuet; Marco Pirazzini; Michel R. Popoff; Ornella Rossetto; Andreas Rummel; Dorothea Sesardic; Bal Ram Singh; Sandra C. Stringer. Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature. Toxins 2017, 9, 38 .
AMA StyleMichael W. Peck, Theresa J. Smith, Fabrizio Anniballi, John W. Austin, Luca Bano, Marite Bradshaw, Paula Cuervo, Luisa W. Cheng, Yagmur Derman, Brigitte G. Dorner, Audrey Fisher, Karen K. Hill, Suzanne R. Kalb, Hannu Korkeala, Miia Lindström, Florigio Lista, Carolina Lúquez, Christelle Mazuet, Marco Pirazzini, Michel R. Popoff, Ornella Rossetto, Andreas Rummel, Dorothea Sesardic, Bal Ram Singh, Sandra C. Stringer. Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature. Toxins. 2017; 9 (1):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael W. Peck; Theresa J. Smith; Fabrizio Anniballi; John W. Austin; Luca Bano; Marite Bradshaw; Paula Cuervo; Luisa W. Cheng; Yagmur Derman; Brigitte G. Dorner; Audrey Fisher; Karen K. Hill; Suzanne R. Kalb; Hannu Korkeala; Miia Lindström; Florigio Lista; Carolina Lúquez; Christelle Mazuet; Marco Pirazzini; Michel R. Popoff; Ornella Rossetto; Andreas Rummel; Dorothea Sesardic; Bal Ram Singh; Sandra C. Stringer. 2017. "Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature." Toxins 9, no. 1: 38.
Cesare Montecucco; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Irene Zornetta; Giorgio Arrigoni; Fabrizio Anniballi; Luca Bano; Oneda Leka; Giuseppe Zanotti; Thomas Binz. A Weissella oryzae botulinum-like toxin cleaves vamp within the juxtamembrane domain. Toxicon 2016, 123, S64 .
AMA StyleCesare Montecucco, Domenico Azarnia Tehran, Irene Zornetta, Giorgio Arrigoni, Fabrizio Anniballi, Luca Bano, Oneda Leka, Giuseppe Zanotti, Thomas Binz. A Weissella oryzae botulinum-like toxin cleaves vamp within the juxtamembrane domain. Toxicon. 2016; 123 ():S64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesare Montecucco; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Irene Zornetta; Giorgio Arrigoni; Fabrizio Anniballi; Luca Bano; Oneda Leka; Giuseppe Zanotti; Thomas Binz. 2016. "A Weissella oryzae botulinum-like toxin cleaves vamp within the juxtamembrane domain." Toxicon 123, no. : S64.
Clostridium botulinum is the bacterial agent of botulism, a rare but severe neuro-paralytic disease. Because of its high impact, in Italy botulism is monitored by an ad hoc surveillance system. The National Reference Centre for Botulism, as part of this system, collects and analyzes all demographic, epidemiologic, microbiological, and molecular data recovered during cases and/or outbreaks occurred in Italy. A panel of 312 C. botulinum strains belonging to group I were submitted to MLVA sub-typing. Strains, isolated from clinical specimens, food and environmental samples collected during the surveillance activities, were representative of all forms of botulism from all Italian regions. Through clustering analysis isolates were grouped into 12 main clusters. No regional or temporal clustering was detected, demonstrating the high heterogeneity of strains circulating in Italy. This study confirmed that MLVA is capable of sub-typing C. botulinum strains. Moreover, MLVA is effective at tracing and tracking the source of contamination and is helpful for the surveillance system in terms of planning and upgrading of procedures, activities and data collection forms.
Fabrizio Anniballi; Silvia Fillo; Francesco Giordani; Bruna Auricchio; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Enrica di Stefano; Giuseppina Mandarino; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis as a tool for molecular epidemiology of botulism: The Italian experience. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2016, 46, 28 -32.
AMA StyleFabrizio Anniballi, Silvia Fillo, Francesco Giordani, Bruna Auricchio, Domenico Azarnia Tehran, Enrica di Stefano, Giuseppina Mandarino, Dario De Medici, Florigio Lista. Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis as a tool for molecular epidemiology of botulism: The Italian experience. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2016; 46 ():28-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrizio Anniballi; Silvia Fillo; Francesco Giordani; Bruna Auricchio; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Enrica di Stefano; Giuseppina Mandarino; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. 2016. "Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis as a tool for molecular epidemiology of botulism: The Italian experience." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 46, no. : 28-32.
The genome of Weissella oryzae SG25T was recently sequenced and a botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) like gene was identified by bioinformatics methods. The typical three-domains organization of BoNTs with a N-terminal metalloprotease domain, a translocation and a cell binding domains could be identified. The BoNT family of neurotoxins is rapidly growing, but this was the first indication of the possible expression of a BoNT toxin outside the Clostridium genus. We performed molecular modeling and dynamics simulations showing that the 50 kDa N-terminal domain folds very similarly to the metalloprotease domain of BoNT/B, whilst the binding part is different. However, neither the recombinant metalloprotease nor the binding domains showed cross-reactivity with the standard antisera that define the seven serotypes of BoNTs. We found that the purified Weissella metalloprotease cleaves VAMP at a single site untouched by the other VAMP-specific BoNTs. This site is a unique Trp-Trp peptide bond located within the juxtamembrane segment of VAMP which is essential for neurotransmitter release. Therefore, the present study identifies the first non-Clostridial BoNT-like metalloprotease that cleaves VAMP at a novel and relevant site and we propose to label it BoNT/Wo.
Irene Zornetta; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Giorgio Arrigoni; Fabrizio Anniballi; Luca Bano; Oneda Leka; Giuseppe Zanotti; Thomas Binz; Cesare Montecucco. The first non Clostridial botulinum-like toxin cleaves VAMP within the juxtamembrane domain. Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 30257 .
AMA StyleIrene Zornetta, Domenico Azarnia Tehran, Giorgio Arrigoni, Fabrizio Anniballi, Luca Bano, Oneda Leka, Giuseppe Zanotti, Thomas Binz, Cesare Montecucco. The first non Clostridial botulinum-like toxin cleaves VAMP within the juxtamembrane domain. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6 (1):30257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Zornetta; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Giorgio Arrigoni; Fabrizio Anniballi; Luca Bano; Oneda Leka; Giuseppe Zanotti; Thomas Binz; Cesare Montecucco. 2016. "The first non Clostridial botulinum-like toxin cleaves VAMP within the juxtamembrane domain." Scientific Reports 6, no. 1: 30257.
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive bacterium capable of producing the botulinum neurotoxin, a powerful poison that causes botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease. Its genome has been sequenced entirely and its gene content has been analyzed. To date, 19 full genomes and 64 draft genomes are available. The geographical origin of these genomes is predominantly from the US. In the present study, 10 Italian genomes of C. botulinum group I were analyzed and compared with previously sequenced group I genomes, in order to genetically characterize the Italian population of C. botulinum group I and to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among different lineages. Using the suites of software ClonalFrame and ClonalOrigin to perform genomic analysis, we demonstrated that Italian C. botulinum group I population is phylogenetically heterogeneous encompassing different and distant lineages including overseas strains, too. Moreover, a high recombination rate was demonstrated in the evolution of C. botulinum group I species. Finally, genome sequencing of the strain 357 led us to identify a novel botulinum neurotoxin subtype, F8.
Francesco Giordani; Silvia Fillo; Anna Anselmo; Anna Maria Palozzi; Antonella Fortunato; Bernardina Gentile; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Andrea Ciammaruconi; Ferdinando Spagnolo; Valentina Pittiglio; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. Genomic characterization of Italian Clostridium botulinum group I strains. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2015, 36, 62 -71.
AMA StyleFrancesco Giordani, Silvia Fillo, Anna Anselmo, Anna Maria Palozzi, Antonella Fortunato, Bernardina Gentile, Domenico Azarnia Tehran, Andrea Ciammaruconi, Ferdinando Spagnolo, Valentina Pittiglio, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Dario De Medici, Florigio Lista. Genomic characterization of Italian Clostridium botulinum group I strains. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2015; 36 ():62-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Giordani; Silvia Fillo; Anna Anselmo; Anna Maria Palozzi; Antonella Fortunato; Bernardina Gentile; Domenico Azarnia Tehran; Andrea Ciammaruconi; Ferdinando Spagnolo; Valentina Pittiglio; Fabrizio Anniballi; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. 2015. "Genomic characterization of Italian Clostridium botulinum group I strains." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 36, no. : 62-71.
Here, we report the genome sequence of a rare bivalent strain of Clostridium botulinum , A2B3 87. The strain was isolated from a foodborne botulism case that occurred in Italy in 1995. The case was characterized by rapid evolution of the illness and failure of conventional treatments.
Francesco Giordani; Silvia Fillo; Anna Anselmo; Anna Maria Palozzi; Antonella Fortunato; Bernardina Gentile; Valentina Pittiglio; Ferdinando Spagnolo; Fabrizio Anniballi; Alfonsina Fiore; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum A2B3 87, a Highly Virulent Strain Involved in a Fatal Case of Foodborne Botulism in Italy. Genome Announcements 2015, 3, e00237-15 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Giordani, Silvia Fillo, Anna Anselmo, Anna Maria Palozzi, Antonella Fortunato, Bernardina Gentile, Valentina Pittiglio, Ferdinando Spagnolo, Fabrizio Anniballi, Alfonsina Fiore, Bruna Auricchio, Dario De Medici, Florigio Lista. Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum A2B3 87, a Highly Virulent Strain Involved in a Fatal Case of Foodborne Botulism in Italy. Genome Announcements. 2015; 3 (2):e00237-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Giordani; Silvia Fillo; Anna Anselmo; Anna Maria Palozzi; Antonella Fortunato; Bernardina Gentile; Valentina Pittiglio; Ferdinando Spagnolo; Fabrizio Anniballi; Alfonsina Fiore; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. 2015. "Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum A2B3 87, a Highly Virulent Strain Involved in a Fatal Case of Foodborne Botulism in Italy." Genome Announcements 3, no. 2: e00237-15.
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum B2 450, responsible for the first reported case of wound botulism in a drug user in Italy.
Silvia Fillo; Francesco Giordani; Anna Anselmo; Antonella Fortunato; Anna Maria Palozzi; Riccardo De Santis; Andrea Ciammaruconi; Ferdinando Spagnolo; Fabrizio Anniballi; Alfonsina Fiore; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum B2 450 Strain from Wound Botulism in a Drug User in Italy. Genome Announcements 2015, 3, e00238-15 .
AMA StyleSilvia Fillo, Francesco Giordani, Anna Anselmo, Antonella Fortunato, Anna Maria Palozzi, Riccardo De Santis, Andrea Ciammaruconi, Ferdinando Spagnolo, Fabrizio Anniballi, Alfonsina Fiore, Bruna Auricchio, Dario De Medici, Florigio Lista. Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum B2 450 Strain from Wound Botulism in a Drug User in Italy. Genome Announcements. 2015; 3 (2):e00238-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Fillo; Francesco Giordani; Anna Anselmo; Antonella Fortunato; Anna Maria Palozzi; Riccardo De Santis; Andrea Ciammaruconi; Ferdinando Spagnolo; Fabrizio Anniballi; Alfonsina Fiore; Bruna Auricchio; Dario De Medici; Florigio Lista. 2015. "Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum B2 450 Strain from Wound Botulism in a Drug User in Italy." Genome Announcements 3, no. 2: e00238-15.
D. Sabatini; L. Papetti; Davide Lonati; Fabrizio Anniballi; B. Auricchio; E. Properzi; M. C. Grassi. A case of infant botulism in a 4-month-old baby. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 2015, 109, 47 -48.
AMA StyleD. Sabatini, L. Papetti, Davide Lonati, Fabrizio Anniballi, B. Auricchio, E. Properzi, M. C. Grassi. A case of infant botulism in a 4-month-old baby. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2015; 109 (1):47-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Sabatini; L. Papetti; Davide Lonati; Fabrizio Anniballi; B. Auricchio; E. Properzi; M. C. Grassi. 2015. "A case of infant botulism in a 4-month-old baby." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 109, no. 1: 47-48.