Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as versatile, sustainable media for the synthesis of nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, tunability, and biocompatibility. This study develops a one-step method to modify commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPE) using laser-induced pyrolysis of DES, consisting of choline chloride and tartaric acid with dissolved nickel acetate and dispersed graphene. The electrodes were patterned using a 532 nm continuous-wave laser for the in situ formation of Ni nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets directly on the SPE surface (Ni-G/SPE). The synthesis parameters, specifically laser power and graphene concentration, were optimized using the Nelder–Mead method to produce modified Ni-G/SPEs with maximized electrochemical response to dopamine. Electrochemical characterization of the developed sensor by differential pulse voltammetry revealed its broad linear detection range from 0.25 to 100 μM and high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.095 μM. These results highlight the potential of laser-assisted DES synthesis to advance electrochemical sensing technologies, particularly for the detection of biogenic amines.

This study investigates the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in direct laser metallization (DLM) for the deposition of cobalt patterns on glass substrates. In order to extend the DLM technique to cobalt, a systematic study was conducted to synthesize a DES containing cobalt salts, specifically cobalt acetate and cobalt chloride, in different molar ratios. By optimizing the scanning speed and laser power, metallic structures with electrical conductivity were fabricated. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), confirmed the successful formation of cobalt patterns, while morphological studies revealed a well-developed structure without cracks or discontinuities. The results underscore the potential of DES in laser fabrication and demonstrate its versatility in facilitating the deposition of metal patterns.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as versatile, sustainable media for the synthesis of nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, tunability, and biocompatibility. This study develops a one-step method to modify commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPE) using laser-induced pyrolysis of DES, consisting of choline chloride and tartaric acid with dissolved nickel acetate and dispersed graphene. The electrodes were patterned using a 532 nm continuous-wave laser for in situ formation of Ni nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets directly on the SPE surface (Ni-G/SPE). The synthesis parameters, specifically laser power and graphene concentration, were optimized using the Nelder–Mead method to produce modified Ni-G/SPEs with maximized electrochemical response to dopamine. Electrochemical characterization of the developed sensor by differential pulse voltammetry revealed its broad linear detection range from 0.25 to 100 μM and high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.095 μM. These results highlight the potential of laser-assisted DES synthesis to advance electrochemical sensing technologies, particularly for the detection of biogenic amines.

With a 1070 nm nanosecond fiber laser, corrosion-protective Ni coatings were directly fabricated on Cu from choline chloride/tartaric acid deep eutectic solvent inks containing NiCl2 or Ni(OAc)2. The effect of the Ni salt on coating growth, morphology, mechanical response, and corrosion resistance was investigated. NiCl2-DES required approximately 30% higher fluence but enabled reproducible layer-by-layer growth of compact and continuous Ni coatings. The optimized laser-fabricated Ni coating, evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl, exhibited a corrosion current density of 0.537 µA cm−2, which was 13.5-fold lower than that of bare Cu and 1.9-fold lower than that of electrodeposited Ni/Cu of comparable thickness. Ni was further successfully deposited onto the external surfaces, internal bore, and threaded regions of a bronze nut, demonstrating precise, site-selective metallization of geometrically complex components. This establishes a powerful, digitally driven manufacturing route for the digitally controlled fabrication of corrosion-resistant Ni coatings on real engineering parts with full spatial control, extending laser-enabled metal–organic decomposition processing from flat substrates to functional three-dimensional architectures.