Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik. (CBP) is a species with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. We have chosen to study this species because, although it is a common plant with a distinctive fruit appearance, its effects are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the histoanatomy of the vegetative, reproductive organs and to characterize CBP extracts in terms of bioactive compounds and its antioxidant capacity. This study investigated the quantitative chemical composition of this species using the HPLC method, revealing the total content in polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and investigated the antioxidant potential through fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP assay), cupric ion (Cu²⁺) reduction, (CUPRAC assay), and a free radical scavenging method (DPPH). Our results show that CBP is a rich source of flavonoids, mainly from the extract obtained from the fruits; it has an antioxidant capacity, with the highest values being obtained from mature flowers and ripe fruits. Of the active principles, the highest amounts, according to HPLC determinations, were obtained in flowers and are represented by hyperoside. Thus, we can recommend the studied species for phytopharmaceutical preparations.

This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from Arnica montana L., Melissa officinalis L., and Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik., as well as their ternary mixtures. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds, including luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and phenolic acids, while rutin and hyperoside were previously reported as dominant constituents in Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik. The extracts and their mixtures exhibited significant antioxidant activity in different radical scavenging and reducing power assays, with the highest activity observed for the ACM4 mixture. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, showing inhibitory effects with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from below 100 mg/L for Melissa officinalis L. extracts to above 250 mg/L for Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik. extracts. These findings suggest that the phenolic compounds identified in the studied plants contribute to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties and support the potential use of these extracts and their combinations as natural sources of bioactive compounds.