We will introduce the biological motivation of the $\gamma$- food-limited model with variable parameters. New criteria are established for the existence and global stability of positive periodic solutions. To prove the existence of steady-state solutions, we used the upper-lower solution method where the existence of at least one positive periodic solution is obtained by constructing a pair of upper and lower solutions and application of the Friedreichs Theorem. Numerical simulations illustrate effects of periodic variation in the values of the basic biological and environmental parameters and how the adaptive harvesting strategies affect fishing stocks.

This paper examines fractional multi-time scale stochastic functional differential equations that, in addition, are driven by fractional noises. Based on a specially crafted fixed-point principle for the so-called “local operators”, we prove a Peano-type theorem on the existence of weak solutions, that is, those defined on an extended stochastic basis. To encompass all commonly used particular classes of fractional multi-time scale stochastic models, including those with random delays and impulses at random times, we consider equations with nonlinear random Volterra operators rather than functions. Some crucial properties of the associated integral operators, needed for the proofs of the main results, are studied as well. To illustrate major findings, several existence theorems, generalizing those known in the literature, are offered, with the emphasis put on the most popular examples such as ordinary stochastic differential equations driven by fractional noises, fractional stochastic differential equations with variable delays and fractional stochastic neutral differential equations.