This observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective collection was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of morphological changes in mandibular condyles in individuals with class II malocclusion, classified according to different vertical growth patterns (brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial), through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Seventy CBCT images (140 mandibular condyles) were selected from individuals without orthodontic treatment, of both sexes, aged between 25 and 50 years. No statistically significant differences were found between facial patterns; however, there was a higher relative prevalence of bone changes in dolichofacial individuals with flattening (62%), sclerosis (44%), and subchondral bone cyst (20%). Erosion and osteophytes prevailed in mesofacial (39%), and brachyfacial individuals (32%), respectively. Thus, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of degenerative changes between the vertical skeletal patterns. Flattening was the most prevalent change, whereas subchondral bone cyst was the least prevalent among the three groups studied. The observational design of this study makes it possible to analyze image banks to verify the correlation of morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint in different facial patterns in patients with class II malocclusion. A limitation of the study is that clinical characteristics were not evaluated.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are public health problem that can considerably affect quality of life. In particular, chronic situations are a challenge for the involved health teams, as they demand care related to central mechanisms and are not always well understood. Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system and other systems controlled or influenced by it, many studies have reported positive and promising results. Currently, revisions of legislation regarding the use of cannabis and its derivatives in different parts of the world have allowed us to advance scientifically. The treatment of pain using cannabinoid substances can be of great value for the development of drugs that allow significant advancements in the therapy of patients with pain syndromes, particularly in cases of difficult control. Methods: A case of chronic TMD with several previous interventions was presented who was treated with full-spectrum cannabidiol. Treatment period—started December 13, 2021, continuous use. Results: Excellent results and remarkable improvement yielded in the patient's quality of life. Conclusions: Refractory cases can benefit from the use of medicinal cannabis, but further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of these drugs to long-term treatment.

Objective: This study assesses the associations between dendritic cells, HPV 6 and 11, and Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) aggressiveness. Methods: The Derkay score was calculated using information obtained from the medical records. Biopsies from 36 patients with juvenile RRP (JRRP) and 43 adult RRP (ARRP) patients were analyzed under light microscopy, and their clinical data were collected. Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against CD83, CD1a, Factor XIIIa, and S100 was performed, and inflammatory cells were quantified. Data obtained were analyzed using the chi-squared test, in addition to the Mann–Whitney and Z tests for two proportions, considering a confidence interval of 95% and p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: A higher quantity of S100 was identified in the epithelium (p < 0.001) and in the conjunctive tissue (p = 0.027) among the ARRP cases, while CD83 (p = 0.025) and Factor XIIIa (p = 0.018), both in the epithelium, were identified among the JRRP cases. We observed significant association between a higher quantity of CD83 in the epithelium in the juvenile group with a low Derkay index (p = 0.034) and with HPV 6 (p = 0.039). Conclusions: An increased quantity of dendritic cells is present in individuals diagnosed with RRP, regardless of age, and this may be related to the lower Derkay index, regardless of the HPV type detected.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of first-year Dentistry students at a Brazilian public university, emphasizing the implementation of active methodologies during the remote teaching period. Material and Methods: Using a flipped classroom model combined with active methodologies and digital tools, the Histology and Embryology course integrated asynchronous video lectures, synchronous discussions, virtual microscopy, and diverse activities such as case studies and schematic drawings. Assessments included diagnostic tools and formative assessments, with individualized feedback and supplemental assignments for students who needed additional support. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess student perceptions of these methodologies and their potential for future application. Results: Regarding the overall dynamic of the course, 63.5% of the students rated it as “excellent.” As for the tools employed, the positive percentage ranged from 87.55% to 94.4%. When asked about the challenges faced, issues related to internet connectivity and motivation were highlighted. Conclusion: This study concludes that the flipped classroom approach, combined with other active methodologies, provided a beneficial environment for the development of the course in the online format. This study’s limitations include the absence of a direct comparison between traditional teaching, flipped classroom methodologies, and hybrid approaches, highlighting the need for future research to evaluate their effectiveness comparatively. KEYWORDS Active learning; Education; eLearning; Histology; Perception.