Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can be used as carriers to deliver pesticides into plants, which is considered to be one method of improving the efficacy of pesticide usage in agricultural production. In the present work, MSNs with an average diameter of 258.1 nm were synthesized and loaded with Fenoxanil. The structure of the nanocarriers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The loading content of Fenoxanil-loaded MSNs was investigated. After rice plants in a hydroponic system were treated with loaded MSNs, the concentrations of Fenoxanil in different samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results suggested that rice plants can absorb MSNs from water through their roots, and the dosage has almost no effect on the distribution of Fenoxanil in rice plants. The application of pesticide-loaded nanoparticles in a hydroponic system poses a low risk of Fenoxanil accumulation in rice.

In this research, the maximum retention and wetting behavior of surfactant solutions (N-200, N-300, Tween-80, Morwet EFW, DTAB, SDS) on the surfaces of tea leaves was investigated based on surface free energy, surface tension, the contact angle, adhesion work, and adhesion force. The results showed that the contact angles of all surfactant solutions were kept constant with low adsorption at the tea leaf–liquid interfaces below 0.005%. With an increase in concentration, the contact angle of Tween-80 decreased sharply because the adsorption of molecules at the solid–liquid interfaces (Γ_SL’) was several times greater than that at the liquid–air interfaces (Γ_LV). Adhesion work decreased sharply and then reached a minimum at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), but then increased until reaching a constant. Moreover, a high adhesion force did not indicate better wettability, as it does with rose petals and peanut leaves. For tea leaf surfaces, an increase in the contact angle brought about an increase in the adhesion force. In addition, the maximum retention for Morwet EFW is at different concentrations compared to N-200, N-300, Tween-80, DTAB, and SDS, where the maximum retention of Morwet EFW on tea leaves was 6.05 mg/cm² at 0.005%.According to the mechanisms of wetting behavior on plant surfaces, a recipe for pesticide formulation can be adjusted with better wettability to reduce loss, improve utilization efficiency, and alleviate adverse effects on the environment.

Controllable pesticide release in response to environmental stimuli is highly desirable for better efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Combining the merits of natural and synthetic polymers, pH and temperature dual-responsive chitosan copolymer (CS-g-PDMAEMA) was facilely prepared through free radical graft copolymerization with 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the vinyl monomer. An emulsion chemical cross-linking method was used to expediently fabricate pyraclostrobin microcapsules in situ entrapping the pesticide. The loading content and encapsulation efficiency were 18.79% and 64.51%, respectively. The pyraclostrobin-loaded microcapsules showed pH-and thermo responsive release. Microcapsulation can address the inherent limitation of pyraclostrobin that is photo unstable and highly toxic on aquatic organisms. Compared to free pyraclostrobin, microcapsulation could dramatically improve its photostability under ultraviolet light irradiation. Lower acute toxicity against zebra fish on the first day and gradually similar toxicity over time with that of pyraclostrobin technical concentrate were in accordance with the release profiles of pyraclostrobin microcapsules. This stimuli-responsive pesticide delivery system may find promising application potential in sustainable plant protection.

Interlinking power converter which links the AC and DC subgrids in the hybrid microgrid, plays an important role for the stability of whole hybrid microgrid. Due to changed generation and load conditions, the converter will operate in rectifier, inverter or stop mode. Power could be transformed smoothly between the AC and DC subgrids. The utility grid could ensure the power balance in grid-connected mode, and the stability of DC bus voltage is guaranteed by using the converter. The coordination control system is proposed by the paper, which could ensure power balance in isolated mode, the stability of AC bus voltage is guaranteed and the unit power factor is achieved. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation.

In order to obtain particles with an optimal loading rate and encapsulation efficiency and to explore the effects of sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan, and bentonite on the particle loading rate and encapsulation rate, the preparation parameters of particles were optimized by the response surface method. A series of particles with constantly changing components were prepared, and the particle loading rate and encapsulation rate were determined. The release experiment of granules in different mass release media was implemented, and the optimal loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of particles were used to control the fall armyworm (FAW). The results showed that when the amount of sodium alginate was 1.83%, that of carboxymethyl chitosan was 0.41% and that of bentonite was 0.37%. The maximum theoretical value based on the response surface simulation was 92.63%, and the actual value at this ratio was 91.61%, which was 98.90% of the theoretical value. The release assay indicated that the mechanism of particle release in 2, 4, and 6 mL of the release medium was non-Fickian diffusion, and the controlled mechanism in 25 mL of the medium was Fickian diffusion. The beads were spread directly into maize leaf whorls in field production; at 14 days after application, the efficacy reached 91.28-98.82%. The combination of emamectin benzoate and hexaflumuron granules has a good control effect on the FAW.