Introduction: Climate change remains a global challenge posing a significant risk to the vaccine cold chain system logistics. It threatens vaccine potency due to inadequate storage facilities and ineffective vaccine distribution mechanisms, which are mostly affected by unpredictable environmental conditions. In Nigeria, this situation is worsened by unreliable electric power supply, frequently interrupted alternative power sources, poorly trained cold chain personnel, and inefficient management procedures. These factors contribute to low immunisation coverage rates and high disease burdens. Hence, there is a need to assess the effect of climate change on cold chain system logistics. Method: Participants were cold chain officers across vaccine cold stores in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Data were collected via a 35-item semistructured in-depth interview guide. The effect of climate change on vaccine storage and cold chain logistics efficiency in Ogun State, Nigeria, was assessed. Data were manually and thematically analysed using the constructivist variants of the grounded theory methodology. Ethical approval and participants’ informed consent were obtained. Result: Participants perceived that increasing ambient temperature variability constrained cold chain performance, resulting in equipment deterioration or damage. The vaccine distribution mechanism is mostly interrupted by difficult transportation systems caused by unpredictable weather changes. Policies are required around prompt replacement of damaged resources, equipment, continuous training of skilled workers, monitoring and surveillance system improvement. Conclusion: Climate change significantly affected the efficiency of the cold chain system. Relevant policy implementation was highlighted as an essential step towards alleviating its effects.

Speciality choice is an important decision for doctors, often starting during medical school. In Nigeria, where the doctor-to-population ratio is low and worsened by emigration, understanding medical students’ speciality preferences can inform strategies to ensure a balanced distribution of specialists. A total of 500 pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire were distributed among medical students at Obafemi Awolowo University of which only 350 full and suitable responses were retrieved. Data were analysed with SPSS 26, and chi-square test of significance using a confidence interval of 95% was done with p value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. The most preferred specialities were surgical (101; 28.9%) and medical (68; 19.4%), while community medicine (9; 2.6%) and laboratory medicine (4; 1.1%) were least preferred. A significant number (124; 35.4%) of students remained undecided, particularly among lower-year students. Gender influenced choices, with males favouring surgery and females leaning towards paediatrics. There was statistical relationship between gender and speciality choice at 95% confidence interval (p = 0.0002 < 0.05, x² = 26.26, df = 6). Key factors influencing speciality choice included personal interest, abilities, and perceived competence. The prestige associated with surgery attracted males, while females preferred specialities offering better work-life balance, such as paediatrics. This study recommends the need to revise the medical curriculum to encourage interest in underrepresented specialities like community and laboratory medicine.

Malaria is a major infectious disease globally with the highest incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease contributes to significant morbidity and

Section Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem that involves harmful, aggressive, and potentially life-threatening abuse against a partner in an intimate relationship. IPV may involve physical, verbal, psychological, or emotional abuse with an intercalating pattern of occurrence. Females are primarily victims of IPV, with men as perpetrators in most cases. Female healthcare workers also suffer from IPV, much like the general women population. However, most previous studies only focused on IPV in the general women population without particular focus on female workers in the healthcare sector. AbstractSection Methods Our study employed a cross-sectional design using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire involving 282 female healthcare workers. The survey focused on various forms of IPV, including psychological, verbal, and domineering/isolation abuses. Data was entered using SPSS version 23, and univariate and bivariate analyses were done using STATA 14. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained. AbstractSection Results Our respondents were mostly Yorubas (93.3%) and Christians (95.7%), primarily nurses (42.2%) and administrative officers (33.3%). Findings indicate a high prevalence of psychological abuse, with 74.1% of participants reporting mild to severe forms. Psychological abuse was the most common, followed by verbal and domineering/isolation abuses. Mild abuse is the most common form across all abuse types. Nurses suffered from IPV the most. There was a significant association between marital status and increased susceptibility to various forms of IPV. AbstractSection Conclusion The prevalence of IPV, particularly psychological maltreatment among female healthcare workers, underscores the critical need for comprehensive intervention strategies. These strategies should include workplace policies and societal efforts aimed at reducing IPV and supporting victims.

Cholera is a disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and is of public health significance especially in Sub- Saharan Africa where the disease is st

Childhood trauma is strongly connected to both mental and physical health problems that can occur and persist for a lifetime. Humanitarian crises often cause trauma, especially to vulnerable populations such as children and women. This review seeks to evaluate early childhood trauma in the context of humanitarian crises, highlighting the predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors as well as identifying the short- and long-term consequences of childhood trauma while also examining some strategies that would help mitigate the effect of childhood trauma in humanitarian settings. We searched four databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and grey literature sources for relevant literature. We reviewed 50 eligible studies. We found that factors that can either predispose, precipitate, or perpetuate physical, mental, and social trauma to children are more pronounced during humanitarian crises, and this could have serious consequences on the neurodevelopmental process of a child. Factors such as age, gender, location, and family predispose children to trauma, while factors like family separation, migration, food insecurity, and poor healthcare access are found to precipitate childhood trauma. These have harmful effects on children’s mental health, especially when they occur in early childhood. Family response to traumatic experiences in humanitarian crises, duration of exposure, and exposure to several types of traumas worsen the impact of humanitarian crises on the child’s mental health. Implementation of strategies and policies such as the Mental Health Gap Action Program can significantly reduce the incidence of early childhood trauma in humanitarian crises.