Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can tackle the issue of low immune response levels in tumor immunotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species that kill tumor cells, while photothermal therapy (PTT) directly uses heat from photothermal converters to destroy tumor cells. However, these single treatments have their limitations. The development of optical therapy nanodelivery systems, along with the combination of PTT/PDT with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, offers new strategies for tumor immunotherapy. This article explores the application of PDT and PTT mediated by nanodelivery systems in promoting immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. This article explores nano-delivery systems that precisely release photosensitizers to boost efficacy and reduce toxicity. It also discusses their potential for combination therapy through co-delivery, utilizing multimodal strategies to enhance both phototherapy and chemotherapy, thus improving anticancer effectiveness.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment, yet its efficacy is often limited by drug resistance, the immunosuppressive tumor micro

Micropeptides, these small proteins derived from non-coding RNA, typically consist of no more than 100 amino acids in length. Despite the challenges in analysis and identification, their various critical functions within organisms cannot be overlooked. They play a significant role in maintaining energy metabolism balance, regulating the immune system, and influencing the development of tumors, which also gives them a decisive impact on the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review aims to outline the role and potential value of micropeptides, introducing their tissue classification and distribution, biological functions, and mechanisms, with a focus on their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic drugs.

Introduction: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype of Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with a high degree of immune infiltration. This study aimed to identify m6A-related biomarkers and downstream effectors in KIRC that may affect tumor immunity and to provide prognosis biomarkers of KIRC. Methods: In this study, the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of KIRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to screen out transcription factors and m6A-related genes that were upregulated and unfavorable to the prognosis of KIRC. The multigene signature was constructed using LASSO analysis to selected two transcription factors and a m6A-associated gene, and TCGA cohort was constructed to stratify patients into two risk groups. Results: Functional analysis showed that immune-related pathways were enriched and that immune status was different between the two risk groups, with Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) and centromere protein A (CENPA) genes highly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Discussion: We found that silencing CENPA significantly increased reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential abnormalities leading to inhibition of cell viability and proliferation and cell death, suggesting that CENPA is closely associated with the development of KIRC. In conclusion, IGF2BP3 and its downstream CENPA signature can be used for prognostic prediction of KIRC.

Tau pathology is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with hyperphosphorylated Tau (p‑Tau) emerging as a central biomarker for early d