This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is considered one of the countries with the highest consumption of electric energy per capita. Moreover, during the period of 2007–2017, the consumption rate increased from 6.9 MWh to 9.6 MWh. On the other hand, the share of residential electricity consumption in the KSA constitutes the biggest portion of the total electric consumption, which was about 48% in 2017. The objectives of this work were to analyze the exergy and assess the economic and environmental impacts of energy consumption in the residential sector of the Qassim region to determine potential areas for energy rationalization. The consumption patterns of 100 surveyed dwellings were analyzed to establish energy consumption indicators and conduct exergy analysis. The performances of different consuming domestic items were also examined, and energy efficiency measures are proposed. The average yearly consumption per dwelling was determined, and the total energy and exergy efficiencies are 145% and 11.38%, respectively. The average shares of lighting, domestic appliances, water heaters, and air conditioning from the total yearly energy consumption were determined.
Radwan A. Almasri; A. F. Almarshoud; Hanafy M. Omar; Khaled Khodary Esmaeil; Mohammed Alshitawi. Exergy and Economic Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Residential Sector of the Qassim Region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2606 .
AMA StyleRadwan A. Almasri, A. F. Almarshoud, Hanafy M. Omar, Khaled Khodary Esmaeil, Mohammed Alshitawi. Exergy and Economic Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Residential Sector of the Qassim Region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadwan A. Almasri; A. F. Almarshoud; Hanafy M. Omar; Khaled Khodary Esmaeil; Mohammed Alshitawi. 2020. "Exergy and Economic Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Residential Sector of the Qassim Region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2606.
Production of methyl ester from sunflower and soybean oil mixture is performed throughout a catalyzed transesterification procedure. The significance of the four reaction parameters such as methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration, mixing speed, and reaction time and their combined effect on biodiesel yield is investigated through twenty-nine of the pre-designed and performed experiments. Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for process optimization. A quadratic regression model was established for biodiesel yield prediction with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9861. An maximum biodiesel yield of 93.38% is accomplished at 203.5:1 ml:l methanol to oil ratio, 0.57 wt% catalyst concentration, 52 min reaction time and 530 rpm mixing. Obtained results show that there is a superior compatibility among the calculated yield of 93.38% and the experimental data of 93.2%. The estimated biodiesel fuel properties met with the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) D6751 standards. Engine operating parameters optimization have been executed using central composite design method (CCD) to achieve an optimum break thermal efficiency of a lone cylinder DI-engine fueled by biodiesel/diesel mixtures. Engine input parameters were considered as engine load and blends percentage for the optimization of engine response represented in break thermal efficiency (BTE), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Examination of inconsistency (analysis of variance) ANOVA indicated that the quadratic representation were statistically important. RSM optimizer results indicated that the best possible values of BTE, UHC, and NOx were 13.656%, 120.7748 ppm, and 234.8926 ppm, respectively, at the maximum value of biodiesel mixture of 70% and break power of 2.05 kW. A validation test was performed and the error percentage is found to be within the range of 5%. The error percentage for BTE, UHC, and NOx was found to be 3.34%, 1.35%, and 2.31%, respectively.
Medhat Elkelawy; Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi; Khaled Khodary Esmaeil; Ahmed Mohamed Radwan; Hitesh Panchal; Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni; Muthusamy Suresh; Mohammad Israr. Maximization of biodiesel production from sunflower and soybean oils and prediction of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics through response surface methodology. Fuel 2020, 266, 117072 .
AMA StyleMedhat Elkelawy, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Khaled Khodary Esmaeil, Ahmed Mohamed Radwan, Hitesh Panchal, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Muthusamy Suresh, Mohammad Israr. Maximization of biodiesel production from sunflower and soybean oils and prediction of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics through response surface methodology. Fuel. 2020; 266 ():117072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedhat Elkelawy; Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi; Khaled Khodary Esmaeil; Ahmed Mohamed Radwan; Hitesh Panchal; Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni; Muthusamy Suresh; Mohammad Israr. 2020. "Maximization of biodiesel production from sunflower and soybean oils and prediction of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics through response surface methodology." Fuel 266, no. : 117072.
Medhat Elkelawy; Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi; Khaled Esmaeil; Ahmed Mohamed Radwan; Hitesh Panchal; Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni; Deepalekshmi Ponnamma; Rashmi Walvekar. Experimental studies on the biodiesel production parameters optimization of sunflower and soybean oil mixture and DI engine combustion, performance, and emission analysis fueled with diesel/biodiesel blends. Fuel 2019, 255, 1 .
AMA StyleMedhat Elkelawy, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Khaled Esmaeil, Ahmed Mohamed Radwan, Hitesh Panchal, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Rashmi Walvekar. Experimental studies on the biodiesel production parameters optimization of sunflower and soybean oil mixture and DI engine combustion, performance, and emission analysis fueled with diesel/biodiesel blends. Fuel. 2019; 255 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedhat Elkelawy; Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi; Khaled Esmaeil; Ahmed Mohamed Radwan; Hitesh Panchal; Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni; Deepalekshmi Ponnamma; Rashmi Walvekar. 2019. "Experimental studies on the biodiesel production parameters optimization of sunflower and soybean oil mixture and DI engine combustion, performance, and emission analysis fueled with diesel/biodiesel blends." Fuel 255, no. : 1.
Consumption patterns of residential building in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with specific reference to Qassim region are analysed to establish energy consumption indicators including consumption per dwelling, per capita and per unit area. The average shares of lighting, domestic appliances, water heaters and air conditioning out of total yearly consumption are determined to be 8.5%, 14.7%, 10.3% and 66.5%, respectively. Parametric analysis shows that residential energy consumption is insignificantly influenced by the type of building except that villas have somewhat higher consumption during the hot summer season. However, residential energy consumption is considerably affected by occupant behaviour, meteorological conditions, as well as the technical conditions of both building envelopes and air conditions setting temperature point. Energy efficiency measures are also discussed, and opportunities for energy saving are proposed. Potential energy savings up to 43% in air conditioning cooling load could be achieved by applying the KSA standard of envelope insulation. Total residential consumption savings of 3% could also be achieved by using efficient lighting and savings of 11.1% by adjusting the temperature setting point of air conditioners to 24 °C instead of 22 °C.
Khaled Khodary Esmaeil; Mohammed Saleh Alshitawi; Radwan Abdoulgani Almasri. Analysis of energy consumption pattern in Saudi Arabia’s residential buildings with specific reference to Qassim region. Energy Efficiency 2019, 12, 2123 -2145.
AMA StyleKhaled Khodary Esmaeil, Mohammed Saleh Alshitawi, Radwan Abdoulgani Almasri. Analysis of energy consumption pattern in Saudi Arabia’s residential buildings with specific reference to Qassim region. Energy Efficiency. 2019; 12 (8):2123-2145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaled Khodary Esmaeil; Mohammed Saleh Alshitawi; Radwan Abdoulgani Almasri. 2019. "Analysis of energy consumption pattern in Saudi Arabia’s residential buildings with specific reference to Qassim region." Energy Efficiency 12, no. 8: 2123-2145.
Mixed convection heat transfer characteristics from heat source located symmetrically inside square enclosure and cooled by Al2O3/water-based nanofluid flow was experimentally investigated. The configuration was subjected to high levels of natural convection and low rates of nanofluid flow. The nanofluid thermophysical properties were characterized using the available correlations in the literatures except the viscosity which was measured and correlated in terms of the nanoparticles loading ratios. Comparative analysis indicated that the application of nanofluid could not guarantee heat transfer enhancement in configurations dominated by natural convection. Exception heat transfer enhancement was only found when very low nanoparticles loading ratio was applied. Instead, heat transfer degradation was found especially in the cases of highest nanoparticles loading ratios. Alternatively, heat transfer enhancement was observed when the forced convection effect was substantial at the highest nanofluid flow rate. The present conclusions were justified and correlated to the findings reported in the literature.
Khaled Khodary Esmaeil; Gamal I. Sultan; Fahad A. Al-Mufadi; Radwan A. Almasri. Experimental Heat Transfer From Heating Source Subjected to Rigorous Natural Convection Inside Enclosure and Cooled by Forced Nanofluid Flow. Journal of Heat Transfer 2019, 141, 072501 .
AMA StyleKhaled Khodary Esmaeil, Gamal I. Sultan, Fahad A. Al-Mufadi, Radwan A. Almasri. Experimental Heat Transfer From Heating Source Subjected to Rigorous Natural Convection Inside Enclosure and Cooled by Forced Nanofluid Flow. Journal of Heat Transfer. 2019; 141 (7):072501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaled Khodary Esmaeil; Gamal I. Sultan; Fahad A. Al-Mufadi; Radwan A. Almasri. 2019. "Experimental Heat Transfer From Heating Source Subjected to Rigorous Natural Convection Inside Enclosure and Cooled by Forced Nanofluid Flow." Journal of Heat Transfer 141, no. 7: 072501.
Awais Ahmed; Khaled Esmaeil; Mohammad Irfan; Fahad Al-Mufadi. Design methodology of heat recovery steam generator in electric utility for waste heat recovery. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2018, 13, 369 -379.
AMA StyleAwais Ahmed, Khaled Esmaeil, Mohammad Irfan, Fahad Al-Mufadi. Design methodology of heat recovery steam generator in electric utility for waste heat recovery. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. 2018; 13 (4):369-379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAwais Ahmed; Khaled Esmaeil; Mohammad Irfan; Fahad Al-Mufadi. 2018. "Design methodology of heat recovery steam generator in electric utility for waste heat recovery." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 13, no. 4: 369-379.
A benchmarking study was performed for two local water bottling factories in Saudi Arabia. The energy consumption values were compared with internationally reported values. For the local water factories a detailed energy audit was conducted to determine the energy consumption. The power consumption and power factor of each machine in the production process was measured using an energy analyzer. For one of the local energy audits, the heaviest consumption of power was by the injection molding machine, which consumed approximately 37% of the total power; the compressors accounted for 24%; while the chillers took 18% of total power. The power factors of different machines were in the range of 0.7 to 0.9. A benchmarking analysis showed an energy use index (EUI) of 0.41 MJ/liter and 0.29 MJ/liter for the two water bottling plants studied in this research, whereas international benchmarks reported are around 0.25 MJ/liter. Major energy conservation measures suggested were improvement of power factor, elimination of compressor leaks, implementation of variable-speed drives, and insulation of pipes running from the chillers.
Mohammad A Irfan; Khaled K Esmaeil; Abdulmajid A Murada; Fahad A Almufadia. Benchmarking Study for Energy Footprint of Water Bottling in Saudi Arabia. Energy Engineering 2018, 115, 23 -34.
AMA StyleMohammad A Irfan, Khaled K Esmaeil, Abdulmajid A Murada, Fahad A Almufadia. Benchmarking Study for Energy Footprint of Water Bottling in Saudi Arabia. Energy Engineering. 2018; 115 (3):23-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad A Irfan; Khaled K Esmaeil; Abdulmajid A Murada; Fahad A Almufadia. 2018. "Benchmarking Study for Energy Footprint of Water Bottling in Saudi Arabia." Energy Engineering 115, no. 3: 23-34.
Awais Ahmed; Khaled Esmaeil; Mohammad Irfan; Fahad Al-Mufadi. Design methodology of organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery in cement plants. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 129, 421 -430.
AMA StyleAwais Ahmed, Khaled Esmaeil, Mohammad Irfan, Fahad Al-Mufadi. Design methodology of organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery in cement plants. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 129 ():421-430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAwais Ahmed; Khaled Esmaeil; Mohammad Irfan; Fahad Al-Mufadi. 2018. "Design methodology of organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery in cement plants." Applied Thermal Engineering 129, no. : 421-430.
The effect of thermophysical properties on laminar natural convection inside a differentially heated enclosure filled with nanofluids is numerically investigated. Expressions for minimum, average, and maximum values of nanofluid viscosity and thermal conductivity are deduced for an Al2O3/water-based nanofluid. The configuration is mathematically simulated using four nonhomogeneous governing field equations: two mass balance equations (one for each phase), a momentum equation, and an energy equation. Brownian motion and thermophoresis are considered as the physical transport mechanisms for the nanoparticles. A numerical finite difference scheme is developed to solve the governing equations. The results of the Nusselt numbers for pure water and nanofluids are found to increase monotonously versus the Rayleigh number in a typical characteristic curve between two asymptotes. Correlations for the Nusselt number are developed. A parametric analysis of the results indicates that the heat transfer effectiveness of nanofluids is highly dependent on the nanofluid viscosity, whereas the nanofluid thermal conductivity has a secondary effect. The minimum values of nanofluid viscosity always lead to heat transfer augmentation, whereas maximum values mostly lead to heat transfer degradation, except for the observed augmentation in very high Grashof number values. Comparative examinations of the results as well as contours for streamlines, isotherms, void fraction distribution, and local apparent Reynolds number are presented.
Khaled Esmaeil. Thermophysical Properties-Based Evaluation of Nanofluids Laminar Natural Convection Inside Square Enclosure. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 2015, 29, 102 -116.
AMA StyleKhaled Esmaeil. Thermophysical Properties-Based Evaluation of Nanofluids Laminar Natural Convection Inside Square Enclosure. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer. 2015; 29 (1):102-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaled Esmaeil. 2015. "Thermophysical Properties-Based Evaluation of Nanofluids Laminar Natural Convection Inside Square Enclosure." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 29, no. 1: 102-116.
Laminar natural convective heat transfer of nanofluids inside an enclosure is numerically investigated considering the thermal dispersion effect of the nanoparticles. Feasibility of applying nanofluids instead of pure liquids in natural convective, which is a discrepancy issue between the previous numerical and experimental works, is examined. Results confirm the previous experimental results of general deterioration in heat transfer rate. Discussions, justifications and correlations for average Nusselt number are presented.
Khaled Khodary Esmaeil. Numerical feasibility study of utilizing nanofluids in laminar natural convection inside enclosures. Heat and Mass Transfer 2012, 49, 41 -54.
AMA StyleKhaled Khodary Esmaeil. Numerical feasibility study of utilizing nanofluids in laminar natural convection inside enclosures. Heat and Mass Transfer. 2012; 49 (1):41-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaled Khodary Esmaeil. 2012. "Numerical feasibility study of utilizing nanofluids in laminar natural convection inside enclosures." Heat and Mass Transfer 49, no. 1: 41-54.