Background: Diabetic Mastopathy (DMP) is an uncommon benign fibro-inflammatory condition that occurs in women with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 1. It often mimics breast cancer (BC) in clinical and imaging presentations, leading to diagnostic challenges. Methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted, analyzing clinical, radiologic, and pathological data from 28 women diagnosed with DMP over 10 years at the European Institute of Oncology. Data on DM type, age at DMP diagnosis, associated autoimmune conditions, imaging features, and surgical outcomes were collected and compared with the existing literature. Results: The majority (82%) of the patients had type 1 DM, with most diagnosed with DMP before age 40. Common complications included retinopathy (46%) and neuropathy (35%). Imaging often suggested malignancy, necessitating core needle biopsies for diagnosis. Surgical intervention occurred in 55% of cases, with a recurrence rate of 32%. One case of BC was observed. Conclusions: DMP remains challenging due to its resemblance to BC. Conservative management is typical, but the recurrence rate post-surgery highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring. Although DMP does not significantly increase BC risk, caution is advised, especially for immunocompromised patients. Further studies are needed to comprehensively understand DMP’s relationship with BC.

Radical hysterectomy continues to be the standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer. Accurate staging plays an important role in the management of cervical cancer, and preoperative imaging is indispensable to ensure appropriate stage assignment and to identify the surgical patient. Many studies have highlighted the need to consider the low-risk patient in a markedly different way from the intermediate- or high-risk patient. The aim of this study is to highlight the most urgent divergences to be addressed in low-risk early cervical cancer patients, such as reducing the radicality of the surgery, avoiding parametriectomy with tumors smaller than 2 cm, replacing bilateral lymphadenectomy with sentinel lymph node dissection, persistence of MIS instead of laparotomy, and preserving fertility. All this evidence is the result of the progress that has been made in recent decades in the early diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cervical cancer, made possible not only by the ever-increasing experience of gynecological oncologists but above all by the increasingly sophisticated imaging techniques that support the work of the clinician.