Background/Aim: Nutritional management in neurosurgical patients with brain neoplasms is critical, as optimal nutritional status is potentially associated with improved clinical outcomes. This systematic review aimed to analyze the impact of pre- and postoperative nutritional assessment and effect of prepost interventions on the clinical outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL databases, complemented by a search of grey literature. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, and the certainty of evidence was graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels. Results: Fourteen studies, encompassing a total of 11,224 adult patients with brain neoplasms, were included. Many of these studies were retrospective, had small sample sizes, and examined diverse nutritional protocols. Preoperative nutritional status assessment, including clinical parameters such as albumin (p < 0.001), Controlling Nutritional Status score (p = 0.001), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (p < 0.010), combined with postoperative oral nutritional supplements (p < 0.001), was significantly associated with postoperative clinical outcomes. Additionally, personalized nutritional counseling contributed to a reduction in complications and facilitated more effective functional recovery. Conclusions: Nutritional care is vital in managing neurosurgical patients with brain neoplasms, reducing complications and enhancing postoperative recovery and overall clinical outcomes. A multidisciplinary team is key to optimal outcomes. Future research should aim to standardize protocols for broader applicability.

Background: Nutritional interventions play a critical role in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. This review evaluates the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in mitigating post-transplant malnutrition and improving clinical outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The search terms included “bone marrow transplant”, “malnutrition”, and “preoperative nutritional interventions”. The quality of studies and risk of bias were assessed using the JBI framework, while evidence certainty was evaluated with the Oxford OCEBM. Results: Six studies were included (n = 3545 screened). The studies demonstrated predominantly high methodological quality and a low risk of bias, although heterogeneity in the treatments investigated and small sample sizes limited the evidence. Nutritional interventions significantly increased energy intake (26 vs. 24 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.038) and improved body weight (25% vs. 9%) with protein supplementation. Clinical complications decreased, including severe acute graft-versus-host disease (17.1% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.001) and pneumonia (27.6% vs. 52.7%, p = 0.002). The length of hospital stay (27 vs. 32 days, p = 0.006) and the need for parenteral nutrition (53% vs. 62%, p = 0.03) were also reduced. Overall survival improved with ≥50% adherence to prescribed TGF-beta2 intake (33 vs. 25.1 months, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Nutritional prehabilitation shows promise in improving BMT outcomes. Standardized nutritional programs could optimize care, although limitations in current evidence are clearly present. Larger randomized studies are needed to confirm findings and refine pre-transplant protocols.

Background/Objectives: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative treatment for various hematological diseases but can lead to complications which increase malnutrition risk, particularly in allogeneic transplantation patients. This study evaluates the nutritional status evolution of patients undergoing HCT during hospitalization and follow-up. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 365 patients, divided into two groups: 134 underwent allogeneic HCT, while 231 underwent autologous transplantation or CAR-T therapy. Nutritional status was evaluated using Body Mass Index (BMI), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria at four-time points: hospital admission, discharge, two-week follow-up, and one-month follow-up. Non-relapse-related complications were assessed based on hospital readmissions and reports during follow-up visits. Results: Patients experienced significant nutritional deterioration, with decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and increases in Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) (p < 0.001) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) scores (p < 0.001), particularly among allogeneic transplant recipients (p = 0.025). Severe malnutrition or high malnutrition risk at discharge correlated with increased hospital readmissions during the follow-up (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The observed decline in nutritional status and its associated complications highlight the necessity of multidisciplinary interventions, such as nutritional prehabilitation programs and nutritional support protocols, to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce complications in HCT patients.