This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the MiniMed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) previously treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion combined with flash glucose monitoring in a real-life setting. A total of 47 subjects (mean age 41 ± 13.6 years, 60% females, diabetes duration 28 ± 11 years) were included and switched to an AHCL system. Baseline and 6-month data were analyzed. Time in range 70–180 mg/dL increased from 65.3% at baseline to 73.8% at 6 months. Time in hyperglycemia >180 mg/dL decreased from 26.6% to 19.3%. Time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL decreased from 4.6% to 2.3%. The coefficient of variation also decreased from 36% to 31.6%. No episodes of severe hypoglycemia, diabetes ketoacidosis, or diabetes-related hospital admissions occurred. In conclusion, the MiniMed 780G AHCL system enables the safe achievement of recommended glycemic targets in people with T1D after 6 months of use.

Background: This study addresses hypoglycemia in adults with inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), highlighting the importance of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). Despite the elevated risk of hypoglycemia in an important group of these diseases, the use of isCGM remains uncommon and there is limited evidence supporting its effectiveness. Methods: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was performed in 18 adults with IMDs, evaluating the use of isCGM for 2 months. Time in hypoglycemia (TBR), hyperglycemia (TAR), and time in range (TIR) were monitored, in addition to symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemic events. Follow-up visits were performed at 7 days, 14 days, and 2 months. Results: TBR < 70 mg/dL was significantly reduced from 1.5% at baseline to 0% at 2 months. A decrease in the number and duration of hypoglycemic events was also observed. In some IMD subgroups, isCGM enabled detection of asymptomatic hypoglycemia and adjustment to dietary management, improving glycemic control. Conclusions: isCGM is effective in detecting and reducing hypoglycemia in adults with IMDs, optimizing nutritional therapy, and improving the quality of life of patients and their families.

Objectives: To describe a structured transition model for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from pediatric to adult care in a tertiary hospital, and to explore demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with glycemic outcomes. Research Design and Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study including all patients with T1DM who transitioned from the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic to the Adult Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit at Virgen del Rocío University Hospital between 2021 and 2024. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, glucometric, and socioeducational variables were collected at the first adult care visit. Statistical analyses included nonparametric tests and exploratory multivariate logistic regression models. Results: A total of 73 patients (45% female) were included, with a median age of 18 years and median diabetes duration of 9 years. The 46.6% of our cohort had an HbA1c > 7.5%. Overweight and obesity were present in 25% and 8% of patients, respectively, and 11% were active smokers. Eighteen percent were receiving mental health follow-up, mainly for anxiety–depressive disorders. Those using hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery and continuous glucose monitoring achieved significantly better glycemic control (TIR 67% vs. 48%; p < 0.01) and lower glycemic variability. In exploratory multivariable analyses, continuous glucose monitoring use > 90% of the time and higher maternal educational level were associated with a lower likelihood of HbA1c > 7.5%. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional transition cohort, intensive use of diabetes technology and higher maternal educational level were associated with better glycemic control at the time of transfer to adult care. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, and warrant confirmation in larger, prospective studies.

Background: Contemporary data on the natural history of mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in adults with type 1 diabetes managed under intensive therapy and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are limited. We aimed to characterize the long-term evolution of mild NPDR in this modern care setting and to explore clinical and glycemic factors associated with regression or progression, including CGM-derived metrics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with type 1 diabetes and mild NPDR identified by digital fundus photography within a screening program between 2018 and 2020. Participants underwent follow-up retinal evaluation after approximately 5 years. Retinopathy outcomes were classified as regression (absence of retinopathy), stability (persistent mild NPDR), or progression (moderate/severe NPDR and/or diabetic macular edema [DME]). Clinical, biochemical, and glycemic variables, including HbA1c and CGM-derived metrics, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with regression of mild NPDR. Results: Among 113 participants (median age 39 years; median diabetes duration 21 years), regression occurred in 57.5%, 31.0% remained stable, and 11.5% progressed. Lower HbA1c at follow-up was observed in participants with regression compared with those without. Several CGM-derived metrics, including time in range and glucose management indicator, were associated with regression in univariate analyses; however, these associations were not independent of HbA1c due to strong collinearity. In multivariable analysis, lower HbA1c was the only independent predictor of regression. Conclusions: In this real-world screening-based cohort of adults with T1D, mild NPDR demonstrated a highly dynamic course, with more than half of patients experiencing regression over 5 years. Overall glycemic control, reflected by HbA1c, was the primary determinant of regression. CGM-derived metrics did not provide additional predictive value beyond HbA1c in this setting. These findings highlight the potential reversibility of early diabetic retinopathy under contemporary care and underscore the importance of intensive long-term glycemic management.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose remains widely used in many individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the burden of capillary testing often limits the frequency of measurements. Noninvasive technologies may improve glucose monitoring. This study evaluated the analytical performance and applicability of a near-infrared spectroscopy–based noninvasive glucose monitoring device. Methods: In this prospective, open-label clinical investigation, 52 adults with T2D performed 4 daily paired glucose measurements for more than 21 days using the investigational device and a reference capillary glucometer (Ascensia Contour Next). Following individualized calibration (10 paired measurements), post-calibration measurements within the 70 to 400 mg/dL range were included in the primary analysis. Accuracy was assessed using a combined mean absolute difference/mean absolute relative difference (MAD/MARD) metric, Parkes consensus error grid (CEG), and DTS error grid analyses. Results: Forty-eight participants were included in the primary analysis, contributing 2,616 paired post-calibration measurements. The mean age was 58.0 ± 9.9 years, and 31.3% were female. The overall combined MAD/MARD value was 16.3, calculated by applying MAD to paired measurements with reference glucose values <100 mg/dL and MARD to paired measurements with reference glucose values ≥100 mg/dL. Overall, 69.8%, 86.3%, and 94.5% of measurements were within ±20%, ±30%, and ±40% of reference values, respectively. Parkes CEG analysis classified 69.9% of measurements in zone A, 29.1% in zone B, 1.0% in zone C, and none in zones D or E. Accuracy improved after the first week. No device-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The device demonstrated a favorable clinical risk profile, stable analytical performance, and good safety under real-world conditions. Although analytical precision remains lower than current continuous glucose monitoring systems, its fully noninvasive design supports further development as a complementary monitoring strategy for individuals with T2D unwilling or unable to use invasive monitoring technologies. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07075796).