BACKGROUND: The work of nurses and correctional officers alike has long been pointed at as among the most stressful in the world. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to evaluate the prevalence and level of occupational burnout among 214 hospital nurses an

Effective local hemostasis is essential in oral surgery to prevent complications such as delayed healing, infection, and the need for re-intervention. Postoperative bleeding occurs in 4–6% of cases, increasing to 9–12% in patients receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of local hemostatic agents based on 51 studies published between 1990 and 2023. Traditional agents, such as oxidized cellulose and gelatin sponges, control bleeding in over 85% of standard cases but offer limited regenerative benefits. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), reduce bleeding time by 30–50% and enhance soft tissue healing. Studies show the PRP may reduce postoperative bleeding in dental surgery by 30–50%, and in orthopedic and cardiac surgery by 10–30%, particularly in patients on anticoagulants. Tranexamic Acid mouthwash can reduce postoperative bleeding by up to 50–60%. Fibrin sealants achieve a 70–90% reduction in bleeding among high-risk patients, while topical tranexamic acid decreases hemorrhagic events by up to 80% in anticoagulated individuals without increasing thromboembolic risk. However, comparative studies remain limited, particularly in medically compromised populations. Additional gaps persist regarding long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and the standardized use of emerging agents such as nanomaterials. Future research should prioritize high-quality trials across diverse patient groups and develop clinical guidelines that integrate both safety and regenerative outcomes.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the link between the degree of professional burnout among general practitioners in Bulgaria during a pandemic and their satisfaction with the balance between their personal lives and professional lives. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2021 to January 2022 among 377 general practitioners. We identified the presence and level of burnout syndrome among GPs using V. Boyko’s method for diagnostics of the severity of symptoms and the phases of formation and completion of the ‘occupational burnout’ process. Descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric tests were used for the analysis. For the significance level of the null hypothesis, we assumed that p < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. A total of 96.3% of the GPs had a high level of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. They worked more than 8 h a day (74.8%) and more than 5 days a week (69.0%). A total of 86.3% of them were not satisfied with the spare time they had and stated that they could not balance their work and personal lives (67.1%) since the pandemic was announced. A link was found between the level of professional burnout and long working hours (p = 0.022), dissatisfaction with free time (p = 0.028), and the inability to balance work and personal life (p = 0.000), as well as concerns related to safety during the pandemic (p = 0.048). Unrealistically high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a disturbed work–life balance is a reason to re-evaluate health policies and involve more hospital care doctors at the frontlines to fight against severe infectious diseases. The results of this study could be used to inform policy makers, healthcare managers, and other stakeholders about the factors that have had profound impacts on GPs’ stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The widespread adoption of tattoos and permanent makeup across all social classes and age groups globally has led to an increase in reports of subsequent health problems. This article presents a systematic review aimed at investigating the potential health risks associated with body modifications (tattoos and permanent makeup), highlighting the need for further research and public education to bridge the gap in knowledge and ensure informed decision-making. A literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for the period between 2014 and 2024. Several significant potential health risks associated with tattoos and permanent makeup were identified: disruption of the skin microbiome, inflammatory processes and infections, allergic reactions and oncological risks, toxicity of tattoo inks, insufficient hygiene, and inadequate aftercare. Despite the prevalence of tattoos, public awareness of the possible associated complications and health risks is low. There is a need for systematic identification and assessment of health and safety risks related to body modification services, as well as the introduction of guidelines to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to prevent health hazards for both clients and professionals performing these procedures.

AIM: This study examined the relationship between personality characteristics and burnout syndrome among Bulgarian correctional officers. METHODS: The cross-sectional study took place through individual, voluntary and anonymous interviewing of 307 employees from three district prisons. Maslach burnout inventory, Eysenck personality questionnaire and demographic characteristics were administered. RESULTS: The personality predictors of emotional exhaustion were low emotional stability and low level of dimension extraversion. The predictors of depersonalization were high levels of neuroticism and psychoticism and low level of extraversion. CONCLUSION: This research helps to identify employees who are at risk for developing burnout as a result of their personalities. In Bulgaria, there is still no official information about studies in this area.

BACKGROUND: Employees' work satisfaction, combined with democratic management, are important predictors of future productivity in any organisation. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate job satisfaction in academic staff as well as the associated working environment factors, using an original self-administered questionnaire. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an original standardised questionnaire. It involved 370 academic staff members at one of the five medical universities in Bulgaria. The questionnaire consists of 17 items (including occupational hazards, management style, conflict solving and demographic characteristics) rated on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: The results revealed that the majority of academic staff (71.7%) works in a risky environment. Employees indicate that “mental strain”, “work with chemical agents and dust” and “work with biological hazards” are the most common risk factors. Democratic leadership and cooperation are most commonly applied management styles. CONCLUSION: The instrument for the measurement of job satisfaction revealed high values of psychometric characteristics for reliability and validity. The study found a high level of satisfaction of academics with their working conditions. It is necessary to conduct similar studies periodically to detect more precisely the decrease in academic staff work satisfaction and take timely and adequate measures to improve it.