Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus involves multifactorial metabolic dysfunction necessitating therapeutic strategies capable of modulating multiple biological pathways.Methods: This study implemented a 4-stage integrated screening platform to identify natural products with multitarget antidiabetic potential.Results: Five plant samples samples were evaluated through α-glucosidase inhibition, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition, glucoseuptake enhancement assays in C2C12 myotubes, and network pharmacology. Amongst them, Lagerstroemia speciosa (banaba leaf) was the only material that demonstrated coherent activity across all assays. Banaba extract significantly inhibited α-glucosidase, enhanced glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner, and exhibited measurable protein tyrosine phosphatase suppression. Network pharmacology further supported these findings and 13 overlapping targets and 19 hub genes enriched in insulin signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, AMPK, MAPK, and FOXO) were identified. This reflected strong mechanistic relevance of banaba leaf to Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of a systematic, multilevel screening framework which highlights banaba leaf as a promising candidate for further antidiabetic research. Nevertheless, reliance on in vitro and in silico analyses underscores the need for in vivo validation to determine physiological efficacy, bioavailability, and systemic metabolic effects.

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of a novel Astragalus extract (Keyfobell powder [KFB]) composed of Astragalus membranaceus, red ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), and Cervi Parvum Cornu as a potential growth hormone (GH) alternative. The primary focus was placed on its impact on longitudinal bone growth through the upregulation of circulatory insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Methods: We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments using a hypothalamic cell line and Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and ghrelin mRNA expressions in GT1-7 cells. The treatment groups were administered KFB at various dosages, and the positive controls received recombinant human GH. Body weight, bone length, and density were assessed, along with serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGF-1. Results: KFB and somatropin exhibited no cytotoxic effect in GT1-7 cells and increased GHRH and ghrelin mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. KFB administration resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in body weight and bone growth (femur and tibia). Changes in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were comparable to those observed in the GH-treated group. Based on network pharmacological analysis, multiple compounds in KFB ((20S)-20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, caproic acid, daidzein, furfuryl alcohol, lauric acid, octanal, and salicylic acid) may synergistically regulate the PI3K-Akt, Ras, and Rap1 signaling pathways linked to growth control and cartilage formation, leading to a possible increase in height. Conclusions: Our results suggest that KFB can function as a GH-mimetic agent that promotes bone growth through IGF-1 upregulation.