Facile solvothermal and post-annealing approaches to craft vertically aligned VS₂ nanosheets onto graphene as 2D/2D heteroarchitectured anodes with capacitance-dominated lithium storage.

Direct reduction of graphene oxide usually leads to the agglomeration of the as‐generated graphene sheets, thus suppressing the surface exposed for energy storage. Herein, graphene oxide was reduced by a one‐pot hydrothermal process in the presence of an electrochemically active phosphotungstic acid to produce three‐dimensional porous phosphotungstic acid/reduced graphene oxide composites. Phosphotungstic acid molecules were found to be uniformly anchored on the surface of reduced graphene oxide sheets through the electrostatic interaction to prevent the reduced graphene oxide sheets from restacking. Meanwhile, phosphotungstic acid has the capability of undergoing fast reversible multi‐electron redox reactions and hence providing the pseudocapacitance. As expected, phosphotungstic acid/reduced graphene oxide composites display the specific capacitance as high as 456.7 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹ and 363.8 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, which are much larger than those obtained in reduced graphene oxide (162.4 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹ and 190.6 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹). The retention also maintains 82.9% of initial specific capacitance after 1000 charge/discharge cycles. Such excellent electrochemical performance comes from the three‐dimensional porous architecture and synergistic interaction between the pseudocapacitive phosphotungstic acid and electric double‐layer capacitive graphene.

SnO₂/graphene nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a facile sonochemical method from SnCl₂ and graphene oxide (GO) precursors.

In Aspergillus nidulans, cytoplasmic dynein and NUDF/LIS1 are found at the spindle poles during mitosis, but they seem to be targeted to this location via different mechanisms. The spindle pole localization of cytoplasmic dynein requires the function of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), whereas that of NUDF does not. Moreover, although NUDF's localization to the spindle poles does not require a fully functional dynein motor, the function of NUDF is important for cytoplasmic dynein's targeting to the spindle poles. Interestingly, a γ-tubulin mutation, mipAR63, nearly eliminates the localization of cytoplasmic dynein to the spindle poles, but it has no apparent effect on NUDF's spindle pole localization. Live cell analysis of the mipAR63 mutant revealed a defect in chromosome separation accompanied by unscheduled spindle elongation before the completion of anaphase A, suggesting that γ-tubulin may recruit regulatory proteins to the spindle poles for mitotic progression. In A. nidulans, dynein is not apparently required for mitotic progression. In the presence of a low amount of benomyl, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, however, a dynein mutant diploid strain exhibits a more pronounced chromosome loss phenotype than the control, indicating that cytoplasmic dynein plays a role in chromosome segregation.