This study aims to analyze the profile of adverse events (AEs) of drugs for the treatment of Toxoplasmosis. This is a review carried out through a bibliographic search in the electronic databases PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Digital Library and LILACS. The keywords “Toxoplasmosis” AND “Drug Therapy” AND “Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions” were used. The selection was performed by two independent reviewers and the articles were included considering the presence of retrospective studies and case reports published in the literature in Portuguese and English and without time restrictions. In total, 40 articles were found, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. Cases of cerebral, ocular, gestational and congenital Toxoplasmosis were identified. Among these, we observed a total of 85 patients with reports of AEs due to the use of Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazine, Spiramycin, Clindamycin, Atovaquone, Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole and Sulfadoxine. Clinical reactions were in the form of skin rash (57.1%), hematological alterations (28.5%), Lyell syndromes (7.1%), Stevens-Johnson (21.4%) and DRESS (21 .4%). The prevalence of AEs related to hematological alterations was seen mainly in treatments based on Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine, Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole; on the other hand, those associated with severe syndromes are often related to the use of Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine. It is important to establish a standard protocol for drug therapy for Toxoplasmosis, which does not yet exist. In addition, the need to monitor patients after drug administration is highlighted, given the possibility of the occurrence of adverse events that can represent a threat to life.

Background: This study investigated effects of rapid high-intensity light-curing (3 s) on increasing transdentinal temperature and cell viability. Methods: A total of 40 dentin discs (0.5 mm) obtained from human molars were prepared, included in artificial pulp chambers (4.5 × 5 mm), and subjected to four light-curing protocols (n = 5), with a Valo Grand light curing unit: (i) 10 s protocol with a moderate intensity of 1000 mW/cm² (Valo-10 s); (ii) 3 s protocol with a high intensity of 3200 mW/cm² (Valo-3 s); (iii) adhesive system + Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow bulk-fill composite resin in 10 s (FBF-10 s); (iv) adhesive system + Tetric PowerFlow bulk-fill composite resin in 3 s (TPF-3 s). Transdentinal temperature changes were recorded with a type K thermocouple. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for comparison between experimental groups (p < 0.05). Results: The 3 s high-intensity light-curing protocol generated a higher temperature than the 10 s moderate-intensity standard (p < 0.001). The Valo-10 s and Valo-3 s groups demonstrated greater cell viability than the FBF-10s and TPF-3 s groups and statistical differences were observed between the Valo-3 s and FBF-10 s groups (p = 0.023) and Valo-3 s and TPF-3 s (p = 0.025), with a potential cytotoxic effect for the FBF-10 s and TPF-3 s groups. Conclusions: The 3 s rapid high-intensity light-curing protocol of bulk-fill composite resins caused a temperature increase greater than 10 s and showed cell viability similar to and comparable to the standard protocol.

Due to the limitations of Chagas disease therapy, microalgae can be promising in the search of new trypanocidal compounds, since these organisms produce bioactive compounds with large pharmaceutical applications, including antiparasitic effects. In this work, trypanocidal activity of aqueous extract of Tetradesmus obliquus and, for the first time, aqueous extract of Chlorella vulgaris, were evaluated against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, cytotoxic activity in Vero cells was evaluated. Our results showed that C. vulgaris and T. obliquus present trypanocidal activity (IC₅₀ = 32.9 µg ml⁻¹ and 36.4 µg ml⁻¹, respectively), however, C. vulgaris did not present cytotoxic effects in Vero cells (CC₅₀ > 600 µg ml⁻¹) and displayed a higher selectivity against trypomastigotes forms of T. cruzi (SI > 18). Thus, microalgae extracts, such as aqueous extract of C. vulgaris, are promising potential candidates for the development of natural antichagasic drugs. Graphical Abstract

Benznidazole (Bdz) are the drug of choice to treat Chagas Disease. However, the drug causes several side effects, and Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, can be less susceptible to the action of drugs in the chronic phase, due to its reduced metabolism and dormancy in tissues. Thus, using compounds that are lethal to amastigote forms, which are prevalent in the Chagas disease chronic phase, is essential for the success of therapy. We propose to evaluate, though a systematic review, the efficacy of thiazolidine and its imidazolidine derivatives against T. cruzi intracellular amastigotes, and to compare the results with those for Bdz, A systematic search was made on eight English Language Systematic Databases - Science Direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, LILACS, Scielo, Trip Database and Cochrane, to collect studies, without a time scale. IC50 values, cytotoxic effects (CC50), a selective index (SI), the mechanism of action of each compound and the length of treatment was included in this review to evaluate the effectiveness of each compound. The compound 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-one 18 was more effective than Bdz, as it affected intracellular amastigotes by making a structural modification in the parasite, and by inhibiting cruzain, being promising for the antichagasic therapy.

Due to the scarcity of sustainable inputs for photosynthetic microorganisms’ biotechnology, the search for natural substrates such as coconut water has gained prominence. This by-product is a substrate rich in macro- and micronutrients, as well as endogenous phytohormones that support microbial growth. In this context, this study aimed to use it as an alternative cultivation medium for Limnospira platensis (Gomont), formerly known as Arthrospira platensis, a high-value cyanobacterium. We evaluated growth parameters, phycocyanin concentration, purity, and biomass yield cultivated in coconut water and in SAG_1x medium, a modified Zarrouk medium. Over 35 days of cultivation, both media efficiently supported cyanobacterial growth. In coconut water, the specific growth rate was 0.305 d⁻¹, the maximum growth rate was 0.629 d⁻¹, and the productivity was 0.256 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹. In SAG_1x medium, the values obtained were 0.240 d⁻¹, 0.676 d⁻¹, and 0.218 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹, respectively. Phycocyanin obtained from cultivation in SAG_1x medium presented food-grade purity (OD620/OD280 ratio > 0.7), while in coconut water, it was 0.6. The pigment concentration and yield in SAG_1x (19.1 mg/L and 34.3%, respectively) also slightly exceeded those obtained with coconut water (14.3 mg/L and 25.5%, respectively). Despite this, the data reinforce the potential of coconut water as a viable and economically competitive alternative to conventional media for L. platensis production.

A criptosporidiose é uma doença reemergente, responsável por graves problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo, causada pelo protozoário Cryptosporidium spp. com alto poder zoonótico, podendo contaminar alimentos, água e solo e causar surtos de diarréia, levando a perdas econômicas e sociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de criptosporidiose em pacientes atendidos em um hospital público de Recife-PE. Foram avaliados 247 registros no período de 2012 a 2020, com 89 casos de criptosporidiose. Para confirmar o diagnóstico, foram utilizadas as técnicas de concentração de Ritchie e coloração de Kinyoun. Observou-se uma relação entre a precipitação e a ocorrência de criptosporidiose, o que foi confirmado entre o registro do número de casos e a precipitação na região com o maior número de casos. A pesquisa não revelou diferenças estatísticas entre os sexos ou a idade entre os casos, mas divergiu de outros estudos quando mostrou que os grupos de pacientes eram os adultos mais velhos (75,3%) e os idosos (16,9%). Não podemos descartar a hipótese de que o número de Unidades de Pronto Atendimento da Gerência Regional de Saúde do possa influenciar a chance de diagnóstico da doença. Mais estudos serão necessários para desmistificar sua ocorrência em idosos, bem como sua notificação.