Background Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) are inflammation-based novel markers that predict the prognosis in various patient populations. We have investigated the relationship between the disease severity in COVID-19, and the PNI and SII scores in the present study. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional retrospective study included 118 consecutive hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The patients were divided into two groups as those who were hospitalized at the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had been internalized at the clinic (non-ICU). Results Of the 118 patients, 50.8% were male. The mean age was 57.7±17.5 years in non-ICU patients and 70.3±11.7 years in ICU patients and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The lymphocyte count and the albumin levels were significantly lower in ICU patients (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, respectively). The PNI score was significantly lower in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients (p<0.001). The SII score was found to be significantly higher in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients (p<0.001). The value of PNI and SII scores in prediction of the disease severity in COVID-19 was evaluated with the ROC analysis ([PNI; AUC=0.796,95%CI:0.715-0.877, p<0.001], SII; AUC=0.689,95% CI:0.559-0.819, p=0.004]). When the cut-off value was taken as ≤36.7 for the PNI score, it was found to have 73.4% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity for predicting of the disease severity and ICU admission probability was 4.4 times higher. When the cut-off value was taken as ≥813.6 for SII score, it was found to have 70.8% sensitivity and 66.0% specificity for predicting of the disease severity and ICU admission probability was 6 times higher. Conclusion The PNI and the SII scores are independent predictors of the prognosis and the disease severity in COVID-19 patients who require hospitalization at the ICU.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) and blood groups and the Rh factor. A total of 313 patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine clinic, at the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the study. The cases were divided into two groups: those who were COVID-19 positive and those negative, detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. The demographic, clinical, ABO blood groups, and Rh factor data of the cases were obtained from the hospital records retrospectively. The mean age of COVID-19 positive (+) cases was 57.74±16 years and of COVID-19 negative (-) cases, 66.41±15 years. The difference was significant (p<0.001); there was no difference between the two groups in terms of sex (p=0.634). When age was categorically separated in COVID-19 (+) cases, χ2 was extremely significant. Among the ABO blood groups of COVID-19 (+) and (-) cases, χ2 was 4.975 (p=0.174). In the logistic regression, it was 4.1 (p=0.011) in the O blood group. COVID-19 positive test was determined as 13, 4, and 4 times higher in the 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 age groups, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.010, p=0.003). The incidence of COVID-19 has increased in the younger population and in the O blood group. Our findings support that, in this population, the ABO blood groups can contribute to the early detection of COVID-19.

Yazarın en büyük mutluluğu kitabın eğitim bilimleri ve öğretmenlik programlarının en stratejik alanlarından biri olan Sınıf Yönetimi alanında bir referans kitabı haline gelmiş olmasıdır. Birçok akademisyen ve araştırmacının yeni ürünler verme sürecinde yararlandıkları bu eserin ayrıca gerçek b

(1) Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health challenge. Although vaccination protects people from HBV infection, 5–10% of people at risk of HBV infection and associated liver diseases do not respond to vaccination. The association of hematological indices with vaccine response is a crucial contributing factor in HBV-associated liver damage and the outcome of patients. In this context, we clinically assessed the interaction between inflammatory parameters and Hepatitis B vaccine response for the first time. (2) Methods: In total, 90 volunteers (44 non-responders and 46 responders) were included in this retrospective study. The demographic data and the hemogram parameters of the volunteers were recorded and statistically analyzed. Additionally, systemic inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated. (3) Results: Our results indicate that higher median levels of white blood cells (8.61), lymphocytes (2.37), neutrophils (5.71), and platelets (280) were determined in the non-responders compared to the responders. SII and NLR indices were significantly higher in the non-responders than in the responders (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The non-responders exerted higher systemic inflammation indicators than the responders, and the NLR value partially distinguished Hepatitis B vaccine response. Nevertheless, further studies with larger cohorts are essential to confirm the clinical utility of systemic inflammatory response as a reliable criterion for predicting Hepatitis B vaccine responsiveness.

(1) Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Although the changes in the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatitis B virus-related diseases have been evaluated, no study has evaluated the role of miRNAs in HBV vaccine response in MASLD patients. We aimed to determine the miRNA expression profile in MASLD patients according to HBV vaccine response. (2) Methods: Overall, 100 MASLD patients and 100 controls were included, and anti-HBs levels were measured after three doses of HBV vaccine administration. After collecting blood samples, 22 different miRNA expression profiles were analyzed by RT-PCR analysis, and changes in the expression levels of potential miRNAs were further verified in all study groups. (3) Results: The miR-146a expression level considerably increased in MASLD patients compared to the control group. Furthermore, miR-99a and miR-640 expression levels significantly increased in AntiHBs (−) healthy individuals. (4): Conclusions: miR-146a could be used as the diagnostic marker in MASLD patients. Furthermore, the miR-99a and miR-640 expression levels could predict hepatitis B vaccine response. However, validation studies are required to verify the biomarker potential of miRNAs within a more significant number of patients.

Comamonas testosteroni is a gram-negative, non-glucose fermenting, oxidase positive, motile bacillus. It is accepted as a low-virulent microorganism and rarely causes infections in humans. Survival at low nutrient conditions, ability to acquire resistance genes and already found virulence factors make C. testosteroni a potential candidate to be a dangerous infectious agent, especially in patients with predisposing factors. We report a rare case of a bacteriemia due to a rarely isolated microorganism, C. testosteroni, in a male adult patient.