Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non‐native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.

The Central European fauna, in the last decades, has been undergoing a strong transformation due to four main factors: the retreat of living organisms that require cool and wet habitats, the proliferation of organisms that thrive in warm and dry conditions, the northward migration of Mediterranean organisms, and the gradual establishment of plants and animals with tropical origins. In this study, we detail the changes in the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera and analyze the establishment of non native insects and the northward migration of Mediterranean insect species. The transformation towards a Mediterranean-type fauna is prominently indicated by the population in total abundance increase of xerothermic Aculeata, bee flies (Bombyliidae), and horse flies (Tabanidae). Additionally, groups that require cool and wet ecological conditions, particularly hoverflies (Syrphidae), but also sawflies (Tenthredinidae) and tachinid flies (Tachinidae), have shown a notable decline. In nocturnal moths, we observe a decrease in species richness in certain areas, as well as frequent outbreaks in populations of some less climate-sensitive species. Some species of butterflies are less sensitive to the current extent of climate change, exhibiting significant population in total abundance growth under protected conditions. However, most of the previously sporadic and rare butterfly species have proven to be climate-sensitive, unable to achieve significant population in abundance growth even under strict nature conservation. In recent decades, the influx from Mediterranean regions and the establishment of tropical non native insect species have turned at an exponential rate. We have reviewed the presence of alien insect species, recording 803 alien insect species in our region; 298 of them have arrived in the past quarter-century, with a significant proportion (54%) originating from tropical and Mediterranean regions.

Summary Dasypoda morawitzi Radchenko, 2016, a cryptic bee species separated from D. hirtipes (Fabricius, 1793) and recently described from Eastern Europe, Western Kazakhstan, Caucasus and Turkey, is for the first time recorded from Czech Republic, Romania and Spain. We also provide additional new records for several other countries. An additional comparative morphological analysis of D. morawitzi with D. hirtipes using light and electron microscopy is provided. New morphological differences between these two species are highlighted. Significant variation in hair morphology on some parts of the female body of these two species are shown. Differences and similarities between D. morawitzi and D. hirtipes are discussed and the impossibility of a synonymy of D. graeca Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 with D. morawitzi is discussed. Corrected and new diagnostic features of the subgenus Dasypoda s. str. are given.

The Central European fauna, in the last decades, has been undergoing a strong transformation due to four main factors: the retreat of species that require cool and wet habitats, the proliferation of species that thrive in warm and dry conditions, the northward migration of Mediterranean species, and the gradual establishment of species with tropical origins. In this study, we detail the changes in the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, and analyze the establishment of non native insects and the northward migration of Mediterranean species. The transformation towards a Mediterranean-type fauna is prominently indicated by the population increase of xerothermic Aculeata, bee flies (Bombyliidae), and horse flies (Tabanidae). Additionally, groups that require cool and wet ecological conditions, particularly hoverflies (Syrphidae), but also sawflies (Tenthredinidae) and tachinid flies (Tachinidae), have shown notable decline. In nocturnal moths, we observe a decrease in species richness in certain areas, as well as frequent outbreaks in populations of some less climate-sensitive species. Some species of butterflies are less sensitive to the current extent of climate change, exhibiting significant population growth under protected conditions. However, most of the previously sporadic and rare butterfly species have proven to be climate-sensitive, unable to achieve significant population growth even under strict nature conservation. In recent decades, the influx from Mediterranean regions and the establishment of tropical non native insect species have turned into exponential rate. We have reviewed the presence of alien species, recording 803 alien insect species in our region, 298 of them have arrived in the past quarter-century, with a significant proportion (54%) originating from tropical and Mediterranean regions.